IBM MQ: Семейство продуктов обмена сообщениями

Family of message oriented middleware products
IBM MQ is a family of message oriented middleware products that IBM launched in December 1993. It was originally called MQSeries, and was renamed WebSphere MQ in 2002 to join the suite of WebSphere products. In April 2014, it was renamed IBM MQ. The products that are included in the MQ family are IBM MQ, IBM MQ Advanced, IBM MQ Appliance, IBM MQ for z/OS, and IBM MQ on IBM Cloud. IBM MQ also has containerised deployment options. MQ allows independent and potentially non concurrent applications on a distributed system to securely communicate with each other, using messages. MQ is available on a large number of platforms (both IBM and non IBM), including z/OS (mainframe), IBM i, Transaction Processing Facility, UNIX (AIX, HP UX, Solaris), HP NonStop, OpenVMS, Linux, and Microsoft Windows.

MQ supports point to point and Publish Subscribe messaging.

One time delivery: MQ uses once and once only delivery. This quality of service typically prevents message loss or duplication. Asynchronous messaging: MQ provides application designers with a mechanism to achieve non time dependent architecture. Messages can be sent from one application to another, regardless of whether the applications are running at the same time. If a message receiver application is not running when a sender sends it a message, the queue manager will hold the message until the receiver asks for it. Ordering of all messages is preserved, by default this is in FIFO order of receipt at the local queue within priority of the message. Data transformation: e. g. Big Endian to Little Endian, or EBCDIC to ASCII. This is accomplished through the use of message data exits. Exits are compiled applications that run on the queue manager host, and are executed by the IBM MQ software at the time data transformation is needed. Message driven architecture framework: IBM MQ allows receipt of messages to "trigger" other applications to run. Range of APIs: It implements the Java Message Service (JMS) standard API, and also has its own proprietary API, known as the Message Queuing Interface (MQI), which preceded the JMS several years in existence. As of version 8.0.0.4, MQ also supports the MQ Light API. Clustering: Multiple MQ implementations share the processing of messages, providing load balancing.

Although the queue is FIFO, it is ordered based on the receipt in the local queue, not the committing of the message from the sender. Messages can be prioritized, and by default, the queue is prioritized in order of arrival. Queues will only be in sequence of addition if the message is added locally. Message grouping can be used to ensure a set of messages are in a specific order, aside from that, if sequence is critical, it is the application's responsibility to place sequence data in the message or implement a handshaking mechanism via a return queue. In reality, ordering will be maintained in straightforward configurations.

The other element of a queue manager is the log. As a message is placed on a queue or a configuration change is made, the data is also logged. In the event of a failure, the log is used to recreate damaged objects and recreate messages. Only persistent messages are recreated when a failure occurs—"non persistent" messages are lost. Non persistent messages can be sent across a channel set to a fast mode, in which delivery is not assured in the event of a channel failure. MQ supports both circular and linear logging.

Information can be retrieved from queues either by polling the queue to check for available data at suitable intervals, or alternatively MQ can trigger an event, allowing a client application to respond to the delivery of a message.

Version name Release date IBM MQ 9.3 LTS23 June 2022 IBM MQ 9.2 LTS 23 July 2020 IBM MQ 9.1 LTS 23 July 2018 IBM MQ on IBM Cloud 13 March 2018 IBM MQ for HPE Nonstop 8.023 June 2017 IBM MQ 9.0 LTS 2 June 2016 IBM MQ 8.0 23 May 2014 WebSphere MQ 7.5 15 June 2012 WebSphere MQ 7.1 November 2011 WebSphere MQ 7.0 z/OS June 2008 WebSphere MQ 7.0 (Distributed, iSeries) May 2008 WebSphere MQ 6.0 z/OS June 2005 WebSphere MQ 6.0 (Distributed, iSeries) May 2005 WebSphere MQ 5.3 z/OS June 2002 WebSphere MQ 5.3 (Distributed, iSeries) June, July, Oct, Nov 2002 MQSeries 5.2 (Distributed) Dec 2000 MQSeries for OS/390 V5.2 Nov 2000 MQSeries for AS/400 V5.1 July Aug 2000 MQSeries for OS/390 V2.1 Feb 1999 MQSeries 5.1 April (NT), June 1999 MQSeries for AS/400 V4.2 Feb 1998 MQSeries 5.0 October 1997 MQSeries for MVS/ESA 1.2 29 August 1997 MQSeries for MVS 1.1.4, June 1996 MQSeries 2.2 (Sun OS/Solaris, DC/OSx) June, July 1996 MQSeries 2.0 Windows NT 2Q 1996 MQSeries 2.2 (HP, SCO) 4Q 1995 MQSeries for MVS 1.1.3 May 1995 MQSeries 2.0 (OS/2, AIX) Feb 1995 (the beginning of the end of ezBridge) MQM/400 V3 4Q 1994 ezBridge Transact for MQSeries 3.0 July 1994 MQSeries for MVS 1.1.2 June 1994 MQM/400 V2.3 Feb/April 1994 ezBridge Transact for MQSeries March, Sept, Nov, Dec 1993 (different platforms) MQSeries for MVS V1.1.1 December 31, 1993

The following table applies to MQ software. The MQ Appliance has different lifecycle dates for both firmware and hardware than those in the table. Version name General availability End of marketing End of supportIBM MQ 9.323 June 2022 IBM MQ 9.223 July 2020 IBM MQ 9.1 23 Jul 2018 15 Sep 2023 30 Sep 2023 IBM MQ 9.0 02 Jun 2016 17 Sep 2021 30 Sep 2021 IBM MQ 8.0 13 Jun 2014 17 Apr 2020 30 Apr 2020 WebSphere MQ 7.5 06 Jul 2012 16 Dec 2016 30 Apr 2018 WebSphere MQ 7.1 25 Nov 2011 12 Jul 2016 30 Apr 2017

With the advent of computers, IBM saw an opportunity to apply new technology to the need for message switching. In the early 1960s, IBM marketed the IBM 7740 Communication Control System and the IBM 7750 Programmed Transmission Control, which were programmable message switching systems. The IBM System/360 was announced in April 1964 and with it came communication access methods such as BTAM and QTAM (Basic and Queued Telecommunications Access Methods). In 1971, TCAM, the Telecommunications Access Method, offered its users a more advanced form of message switching or message routing. TCAM was widely accepted, especially in the financial and brokerage industries. It supported asynchronous messaging, as with the later MQ. TCAM 3.0 added in reusable disk message queues for recovery soon thereafter, as with MQ. A high level PL/I program could be used to access TRANSIENT datasets (dynamic message queues). Reading a message from a transient dataset resulted in that message being removed from the queue, as with a non browse READ with MQ. In the late 1970s, transaction management systems came into being, each trying to achieve a leadership position in the industry. Within IBM, CICS and IMS were chosen as strategic products to address the need for transaction management. Within both CICS and IMS, each had its version of message switching, IMS being a front end queued system and CICS having its Transient Data facility as the possible basis for message switching. CICS established itself as a popular transaction management system in the 1968 1971 timeframe. Those users who had adopted TCAM for its message handling capabilities now wanted a combined use of TCAM with CICS. In December 1971, IBM announced CICS support of TCAM as part of the CICS/OS Standard product, to be delivered in December 1972. For interested customers, this enabled them to use TCAM for its message handling strengths and also have TCAM connected terminals or computers interface with CICS online applications. In January 1973, TCAM continued to be supported by CICS/OS Standard Version 2.3. However, TCAM support was omitted from the initial release of CICS/VS, announced in February 1973 and delivered in June 1974. Needless to say, many CICS TCAM customers were not happy with that product direction. With considerable pressure from CICS TCAM customers, the CICS support of TCAM was reinstated in the CICS/VS 1.1 product, as of September 1974. In addition to the previous DCB support, with this reinstatement of TCAM support, CICS began to support TCAM access via VTAM, also known as the ACB support. CICS TCAM ACB support was discontinued as of the CICS/ESA Version 3 product in 1990. In 1992, IBM announced a new product called MQSeries. This brand name was later renamed to WebSphere MQ (sometimes shortened to WMQ) in 2002 to support the WebSphere family name and the product. In 2014, it was renamed IBM MQ. MQ was to be the extension of TCAM functionality from IBM only systems to all other platforms. MQ has an architecture that enables heterogeneous systems to communicate with each other (e. g. IBM, HP, Sun, Tandem, etc.). MQ can be used with CICS systems to send and receive data to/from any other MQ eligible system. MQ can be used to initiate work in a CICS system or a CICS transaction can initiate work in another CICS or non CICS system. IBM MQ now supports 80 different environments and has become the leading message assured delivery switching/routing product in the industry.

IBM MQ can be used as a foundation for creating service oriented architectures. Several additional product options exist to help convert legacy programs into functioning web services through the use of MQ. Larger, heterogeneous enterprises often appear as a federation of somewhat autonomous domains based on lines of business, functional or governance areas. In such environments, some services may be shared or reused only within a single domain, while others may be shared or reused throughout the enterprise. IBM MQ provides the means by which communication exists between lines of business or otherwise separate business domains. A related product in the IBM MQ product family, called IBM App Connect Enterprise (formerly IBM Integration Bus / WebSphere Message Broker) enables a diverse and robust set of extensions to queue based architectures. Using IBM Integration Bus, users can implement a WebServices front end, complete with WSDL file support that can interact with any queue based application.