Введение
Отличительные формы письменного символа – термин, используемый в графемике и типографике.
the term used in graphemics and typography
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol. In graphemics, an obvious example in English (and many other writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary greatly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes , ,
Letters and other graphemes can also have significant variations that may be missed by many readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms (glyphs) in different typefaces, and a wide variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the long s , a symbol which was once a widely used as a non final allograph of the lowercase letter s.
A grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet used in linguistics. Several such variants have distinct code points in Unicode and thus are not allographs for some applications.
В графемике и типографике термин «аллограф» используется для обозначения глифа, являющегося дизайнерским вариантом буквы или другой графемы, такой как буква, число, идеограмма, знак препинания или другой типографический символ. В графемике очевидным примером в английском языке (и многих других системах письма) является различие между прописными и строчными буквами. Аллографы могут значительно различаться, не изменяя базовой идентичности графемы. Даже если слово «cat» написано как «cAt», оно остаётся узнаваемым как последовательность трёх графем: c, a, t.
the term used in graphemics and typography
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol. In graphemics, an obvious example in English (and many other writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary greatly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes , ,
Letters and other graphemes can also have significant variations that may be missed by many readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms (glyphs) in different typefaces, and a wide variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the long s , a symbol which was once a widely used as a non final allograph of the lowercase letter s.
A grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet used in linguistics. Several such variants have distinct code points in Unicode and thus are not allographs for some applications.
Буквы и другие графемы также могут иметь существенные вариации, которые могут быть незамечены многими читателями. Например, буква g имеет две распространённые формы (глифы) в разных шрифтах и множество вариантов в рукописном тексте. Позиционным примером аллографии является длинная s (ſ), символ, который когда-то широко использовался как нефинальный аллограф строчной буквы s.
the term used in graphemics and typography
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol. In graphemics, an obvious example in English (and many other writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary greatly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes , ,
Letters and other graphemes can also have significant variations that may be missed by many readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms (glyphs) in different typefaces, and a wide variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the long s , a symbol which was once a widely used as a non final allograph of the lowercase letter s.
A grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet used in linguistics. Several such variants have distinct code points in Unicode and thus are not allographs for some applications.
Вариант графемы может приобрести отдельное значение в специализированной системе письма, например, в Международном фонетическом алфавите, используемом в лингвистике. Некоторые из таких вариантов имеют отдельные кодовые точки в Юникоде и, следовательно, не являются аллографами для определённых приложений.
the term used in graphemics and typography
In graphemics and typography, the term allograph is used of a glyph that is a design variant of a letter or other grapheme, such as a letter, a number, an ideograph, a punctuation mark or other typographic symbol. In graphemics, an obvious example in English (and many other writing systems) is the distinction between uppercase and lowercase letters. Allographs can vary greatly, without affecting the underlying identity of the grapheme. Even if the word "cat" is rendered as "cAt", it remains recognizable as the sequence of the three graphemes , ,
Letters and other graphemes can also have significant variations that may be missed by many readers. The letter g, for example, has two common forms (glyphs) in different typefaces, and a wide variety in people's handwriting. A positional example of allography is the long s , a symbol which was once a widely used as a non final allograph of the lowercase letter s.
A grapheme variant can acquire a separate meaning in a specialized writing system, such as the International Phonetic Alphabet used in linguistics. Several such variants have distinct code points in Unicode and thus are not allographs for some applications.
Гомоглиф
Понятие аллографа можно сравнить и противопоставить понятию гомоглифов – глифов с разным значением, но визуально похожих. Например, буква «О» и цифра «0» имеют схожую форму, но различаются по значению; три буквы «A», «Α» и «А» выглядят идентично, но являются символами из трех разных систем письменности (латинской, греческой и кириллицы).