Введение
Металлические соединения с анионными комплексами меди – купраты, сверхпроводники.
cuprate superconductors
Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. They can be broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Inorganic cuprates: These compounds have a general formula of |XYCu {m}O {n}|. Some of them are non stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties. An example of an inorganic cuprate is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) (|[CuCl4](2 )|auto=1), an anionic coordination complex that features a copper atom in an oxidation state of +2, surrounded by four chloride ions. 2. Organic cuprates: These are organocopper compounds, some of which having a general formula of |[CuR2]−, where copper is in an oxidation state of +1, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds, characterized by copper bonded to organic groups, are frequently used in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion |[Cu(CH3)2]
One of the most studied cuprates is |YBa2Cu3O7|auto=1, a high temperature superconducting material. This oxide cuprate has been the subject of extensive research due to its ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively high temperatures. The term 'cuprate' originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. It is primarily used in the context of oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds, reflecting the diverse roles of copper in chemistry. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.
Купраты – это класс соединений, содержащих атом(ы) меди (Cu) в анионе. Их можно разделить на два основных типа:
cuprate superconductors
Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. They can be broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Inorganic cuprates: These compounds have a general formula of |XYCu {m}O {n}|. Some of them are non stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties. An example of an inorganic cuprate is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) (|[CuCl4](2 )|auto=1), an anionic coordination complex that features a copper atom in an oxidation state of +2, surrounded by four chloride ions. 2. Organic cuprates: These are organocopper compounds, some of which having a general formula of |[CuR2]−, where copper is in an oxidation state of +1, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds, characterized by copper bonded to organic groups, are frequently used in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion |[Cu(CH3)2]
One of the most studied cuprates is |YBa2Cu3O7|auto=1, a high temperature superconducting material. This oxide cuprate has been the subject of extensive research due to its ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively high temperatures. The term 'cuprate' originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. It is primarily used in the context of oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds, reflecting the diverse roles of copper in chemistry. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.
1. Неорганические купраты: эти соединения имеют общую формулу |XYCu {m}O {n}|. Некоторые из них не стехиометричны. Многие из этих соединений известны своими сверхпроводящими свойствами. Примером неорганического купрата является тетрахлоридокупрат(II) или тетрахлорокупрат(II) (|[CuCl4](2 )|), анионный координационный комплекс, содержащий атом меди в степени окисления +2, окруженный четырьмя ионами хлорида. 2. Органические купраты: это органомедь соединения, некоторые из которых имеют общую формулу |[CuR2]−|, где медь находится в степени окисления +1, и по крайней мере одна из групп R может быть любой органической группой. Эти соединения, характеризующиеся связью меди с органическими группами, часто используются в органическом синтезе благодаря своей реакционной способности. Примером органического купрата является диметилкупрат(I) анион |[Cu(CH3)2]|.
cuprate superconductors
Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. They can be broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Inorganic cuprates: These compounds have a general formula of |XYCu {m}O {n}|. Some of them are non stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties. An example of an inorganic cuprate is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) (|[CuCl4](2 )|auto=1), an anionic coordination complex that features a copper atom in an oxidation state of +2, surrounded by four chloride ions. 2. Organic cuprates: These are organocopper compounds, some of which having a general formula of |[CuR2]−, where copper is in an oxidation state of +1, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds, characterized by copper bonded to organic groups, are frequently used in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion |[Cu(CH3)2]
One of the most studied cuprates is |YBa2Cu3O7|auto=1, a high temperature superconducting material. This oxide cuprate has been the subject of extensive research due to its ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively high temperatures. The term 'cuprate' originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. It is primarily used in the context of oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds, reflecting the diverse roles of copper in chemistry. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.
Одним из наиболее изученных купратов является |YBa2Cu3O7|, высокотемпературный сверхпроводящий материал. Этот оксидный купрат был предметом обширных исследований благодаря его способности проводить электричество без сопротивления при относительно высоких температурах. Термин "купрат" происходит от "cuprum" – латинского слова для меди. Он в основном используется в контексте оксидных материалов, анионных координационных комплексов и анионных органомедных соединений, отражая разнообразные роли меди в химии. Термин используется преимущественно в трех областях: оксидные материалы, анионные координационные комплексы и анионные органомедные соединения.
cuprate superconductors
Cuprates are a class of compounds that contain copper (Cu) atom(s) in an anion. They can be broadly categorized into two main types:
1. Inorganic cuprates: These compounds have a general formula of |XYCu {m}O {n}|. Some of them are non stoichiometric. Many of these compounds are known for their superconducting properties. An example of an inorganic cuprate is the tetrachloridocuprate(II) or tetrachlorocuprate(II) (|[CuCl4](2 )|auto=1), an anionic coordination complex that features a copper atom in an oxidation state of +2, surrounded by four chloride ions. 2. Organic cuprates: These are organocopper compounds, some of which having a general formula of |[CuR2]−, where copper is in an oxidation state of +1, where at least one of the R groups can be any organic group. These compounds, characterized by copper bonded to organic groups, are frequently used in organic synthesis due to their reactivity. An example of an organic cuprate is dimethylcuprate(I) anion |[Cu(CH3)2]
One of the most studied cuprates is |YBa2Cu3O7|auto=1, a high temperature superconducting material. This oxide cuprate has been the subject of extensive research due to its ability to conduct electricity without resistance at relatively high temperatures. The term 'cuprate' originates from 'cuprum', the Latin word for copper. It is primarily used in the context of oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds, reflecting the diverse roles of copper in chemistry. The term is mainly used in three contexts: oxide materials, anionic coordination complexes, and anionic organocopper compounds.
Медь (III) и медь (IV)
Гексафторкупрат(III) [CuF6]³⁻ и гексафторкупрат(IV) [CuF6]²⁻ – редкие примеры комплексов меди(III) и меди(IV). Они являются сильными окислителями.
Органические купары
Купраты играют роль в органическом синтезе. Они всегда находятся в состоянии Cu(I), хотя Cu(II) или даже Cu(III) промежуточные соединения предполагаются в некоторых химических реакциях. Органические купраты часто имеют идеализированные формулы [CuR₂]⁻ и [CuR₃]²⁻, оба из которых содержат медь в степени окисления +1, где R – алкил или арил. Эти реагенты находят применение в качестве нуклеофильных алкилирующих агентов.