Пуртон: История и современность английской деревни

Village in England
the village in Wiltshire, England

Purton is a large village and civil parish in north Wiltshire, England, about 4 mile (6 km) northwest of the centre of Swindon. The parish includes the village of Purton Stoke and the hamlets of Bentham, Hayes Knoll, Purton Common, Restrop, The Fox and Widham. The 13th century parish church, St Mary's, is unusual in having two towers, one with a spire.

The toponym Purton is derived from the Old English pirige for "pear" and tun for "enclosure" or "homestead".

Ringsbury Camp has evidence of settlement during the Neolithic period but is considered to be an Iron Age hill fort dating from about 50 BC. There is a suggestion that the remains of a Roman villa lie under the soil at Pavenhill, on the Braydon side of Purton. At The Fox on the east side of the village, grave goods and bodies from a pagan Saxon cemetery have been excavated. The earliest known written record of Purton dates from AD 796 when the Saxon King Ecgfrith of Mercia gave 35 hides from Purton to the Benedictine Malmesbury Abbey. The Abbot of Malmesbury continued to be the chief landlord of Purton throughout Saxon and Norman times, suggesting that an earlier church stood at Purton. The tithing of Braydon, in the west of the parish, became a separate civil parish in 1866.

There are a number of concrete pillboxes in the parish, which were part of the defences of Southern England during the Second World War. They form part of the GHQ Line Red, along which an anti tank trench also ran, between Ballards Ash near Royal Wootton Bassett and the River Ray near Blunsdon railway station. RAF Blakehill Farm, north of Purton Stoke, was a RAF Transport Command station that operated from 1944 until 1946; its site, mostly in Cricklade parish, has returned to farmland. United States troops were stationed in Braydon Wood, and attended dances at the Angel Hotel. Anti tank devices (chains across the road, set in concrete blocks) were installed on the parish boundary across Tadpole Bridge that spans the River Ray. The Cenotaph on Purton High Street is a memorial to those who died in both world wars.

Volume 18 of the Wiltshire Victoria County History, published in 2011, covers Purton. All other local services are provided by the Wiltshire Council unitary authority. For Westminster elections, the parish falls within the North Wiltshire constituency. Purton electoral ward covers the parishes of Purton and Braydon. The population of the ward taken at the 2011 census was 4,271.

The River Key, a tributary of the Thames, crosses the parish near Purton Stoke. The village is a linear settlement along the old road between the historic market towns of Cricklade, 4 mile (6 km) to the north, and Royal Wootton Bassett, 3 mile (5 km) to the south. It is now on a minor road, 3 mile (5 km) from junction 16 of the M4 motorway. The village is on the brow of a hill, with views across to Cricklade and the Thames floodplain. Nearby, the area once covered by Braydon Forest stretches out to Minety in the west. Ridgeway Farm, a 700 house development of the early 21st century which extends Swindon's western suburbs, is in the east of the parish.

The Church of England parish church of St Mary the Virgin appears at one time to have been dedicated to Saint Nicholas. The building is from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries and was restored by William Butterfield in 1872. In 1955 it was designated as Grade I listed. There was a Friends' meeting house at Purton Stoke during the late 17th century and early 18th century. There was a Congregational chapel, licensed in 1829, where the Scout Hut is now in Purton High Street. Congregational use ceased in the 1920s and it was demolished in 1969. There were two Methodist chapels in Purton village. The Primitive Methodist chapel was built at Upper Square in 1856 and enlarged in 1893; the Wesleyan Methodist chapel at Play Close was built in 1882, replacing a smaller chapel from the 1870s. By 1969, after declines in numbers, the two congregations united. The Play Close chapel was renovated and reopened in 1973 as Purton Methodist Church, then the Upper Square chapel was sold for residential use. There was a Methodist church opposite Dairy Farm in 1832 at Purton Stoke. It was demolished in 1868 and rebuilt in Pond Lane. This building was sold in 2011 and converted for residential use.

In addition to the Grade I listed parish church, the parish has four Grade II* listed houses, each built in limestone rubble. In Purton village, College Farmhouse is from the early 17th century. It has two storeys with attic, and a five window front. The parlour has 17th century panelling, and the wooden overmantel is carved with the Hyde arms and the date 1626; the house belonged to the father of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon. Pound Farmhouse is an L shaped 17th century farmhouse, north of Widham on the road to Purton Stoke. Pond Farmhouse, south of Purton Stoke, is from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries and is on an earlier moated site. Restrop House is from the late 16th century or early 17th. Its five bay front has a two storey porch, with the end bays also brought forward, and mullion and transom windows.

Bradon Forest School is the area's secondary school. It was built in 1962 and caters for pupils from Purton parish, Lydiard Millicent, Cricklade, Ashton Keynes and West Swindon. The school is in the centre of the village, south of the High Street. On an adjacent site, St Mary's Church of England Primary School was opened in 2012, funded by the government's Primary Capital Programme and built on the site of the former junior school. Previously the school was split between two sites, with infants taught in the original Victorian building which opened in 1861 while juniors were in nearby buildings which opened in the early 1970s, along with the school's swimming pool. In the east of the parish, Ridgeway Farm CE Academy (a primary school) was built in 2016 to serve the newly developed housing area.

Village amenities include several shops, a sub post office, a farm shop, a cafe, a dairy farm stand selling milk, meat and other local produce, a library with a small museum above, one Hair salon, public houses and takeaways, a GP's practice, dentist and veterinary surgery. The village has grown such that its retailers are not all concentrated in one centre. A few shops are on the main road at the junction with Pavenhill, called the Upper Square, and a few are around the bend in the road near the village hall called the Lower Square.

Purton has a Non League football team, Purton F. C., who play at the Red House. Purton Youth Football Club caters for a wide range of ages and is based at Bradon Forest School. Purton has a tennis club, based in the centre of the village. The cricket club, founded in 1820, claims to be the oldest in Wiltshire; their first team play in Division 1 of the Wiltshire County Cricket League. A bowls club has also existed in the village since 1970.

By the late 19th century and into the early part of the 20th century, other local families had risen to the gentry level after becoming significant landowners in the parish. Among these was James Henry Sadler, Esq., D. L., J. P., (1843–1929) who, though a Purton native, lived in nearby Lydiard House until his death. A strict but generous benefactor, Sadler gave the cricket ground and Working Men's Institute to the village. Dr Sadler had the Pump House built at Salt's Hole, a natural mineral water spring near Purton Stoke, used for medicinal purposes since the Middle Ages and possibly earlier. Under Dr Sadler and subsequent owners, attempts were made to develop this natural attraction as Purton Spa, and to market the spring waters for their healing qualities.