Чэдл: История и современность английской деревни

Village in Greater Manchester, England

Cheadle ('/tʃ//iː//d//əl/) is a village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, England. Within the boundaries of the historic county of Cheshire, it borders Cheadle Hulme, Gatley, Heald Green and Cheadle Heath in Stockport, and East Didsbury in Manchester. In 2011, it had a population of 14,698.

There has been human occupation in the area that is now Cheadle since prehistoric times. The earliest evidence of civilisation is of burial mounds dating from the Iron Age, belonging to Celts who occupied Britain. Later, the area was occupied by Brigantes, whose activity was discovered in the form of axe fragments. In the first millennium, Romans occupied the area, and their coins have been discovered. During the seventh century, St. Chad preached in the area. A stone cross dedicated to him was found close to the confluence of the River Mersey and Micker Brook in 1873. The village is first recorded in the Domesday Book under the name "Cedde", which comes from the Brythonic word for "wood". It was held by Gamel, a free Saxon under Hugh d'Avranches, 1st Earl of Chester; it was about three miles long and half as wide, containing both wooded and open land, with areas enclosed for hunting purposes. was divided between her daughters, Clemence and Agnes. Agnes inherited the northern half (which would later become the modern day Cheadle), and Clemence inherited the southern half (latterly Cheadle Hulme). The two areas became known as "Chedle Bulkeley" and "Chedle Holme" respectively. William de Bulkeley succeeded his mother, and was a participant in several wars in France for Edward, the Black Prince. His son, Richard, was sent to live at the court Richard II, and later to a baron whose daughter Margery married Richard. Richard died at the age of 21, but Margery lived until she was around 90 years old. She was succeeded by her grandson and great grandson, both named William. Shortly after the Battle of Bosworth, the latter William was succeeded by his brother Richard. During the reign of Henry VIII, the current St Mary's Church on High Street was built. There has been a church on the site since the 12th century, the original being constructed of wood, The church contains an effigy of John Stanley who, along with many other men from the area, fought in the Battle of Flodden. The Bulkeleys continued to hold the lands as lords of the manor until the 18th century, when the manor was purchased by Thomas Egerton. Moseley Old Hall, an early Stuart mansion dating from 1666 is still standing and is owned privately. Abney Hall is a late Victorian hall from 1847 and was used as the Cheadle town hall from 1959 until 1974: it is now used for offices. It is surrounded by parkland which is open to the public all year round and features some of the only wetlands left in Stockport. Cheadle grew rapidly during the Industrial Revolution when it was used as a stopping point for travellers and merchants on their way to central Manchester.

Cheadle is a suburban village in the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport, Greater Manchester, 3 mile (5 km) from Stockport town centre and 8 mile (13 km) from Manchester city centre. It is close to Manchester Airport. Cheadle lies on the Cheshire Plain in the final meander of the Ladybrook Valley before it joins the River Mersey to the north. Cheadle is on the A560 from Stockport to Chester and borders onto the A34. Its geology is boulder clay and gravels: the parkland of Abney Hall to the north is on the flood plain of the Mersey.

Lying within the historic county boundaries of Cheshire, Cheadle was an ancient parish in the Hundred of Stockport. The parish included the townships of Cheadle Bulkeley and Cheadle Moseley (which included Cheadle Hulme). Following the Municipal Corporations Act 1835, part of Cheadle Bulkeley was amalgamated into the Municipal Borough of Stockport. In 1886, Cheadle was in the Cheadle and Gatley local board of health, a regulatory body responsible for standards of hygiene and sanitation for the area of Stockport Etchells township and the part of Cheadle township outside the Municipal Borough of Stockport. The board of health was also part of Stockport poor law union. In 1888 the board was divided into four wards: Adswood, Cheadle, Cheadle Hulme and Gatley. Under the Local Government Act 1894 the area of the local board became Cheadle and Gatley Urban District. There were exchanges of land with the neighbouring former urban districts of Wilmslow and Handforth in 1901, and the wards were restructured again, splitting Cheadle Hulme into north and south, and merging in Adswood. Under the Local Government Act 1972 the Cheadle and Gately Urban District was abolished, and Cheadle has, since 1 April 1974, formed an unparished area of the Metropolitan Borough of Stockport within the metropolitan county of Greater Manchester. Since 1950, Cheadle has been part of the Cheadle parliamentary constituency. As of 2015, it is represented by Conservative MP Mary Robinson. The area (listed as Cheadle and Gatley) has three councillors who serve on the borough council, who are all Liberal Democrats.

The locality was served between 1866 until 1964 by a Cheshire Lines Committee railway station (initially called Cheadle and, from 1950, ) situated north of the village on the west side of Manchester Road. It was also served, from 1866 until 1917, by Cheadle LNWR, a London & North Western Railway station located next to the railway overbridge near the centre of the village. Both stations were on lines leading from Altrincham to Stockport. There are now advanced plans to build a new station in Cheadle, on the Mid Cheshire line between Altrincham and Stockport. The station facilities would be built on the car park of the Alexandra Hospital, near to where the former LNWR station was sited. It is expected to open in 2025. Nearby stations are located at Gatley, approximately one mile west of Cheadle, and the neighbouring areas of East Didsbury (within the City of Manchester's boundaries), Cheadle Hulme and Heald Green.

Cheadle is accessed by junctions 2 and 3 of the M60 Manchester orbital motorway.

Cheadle is located approximately 4 miles from Manchester Airport.

A number of houses in Cheadle that were built in the 1800s still stand today, in a conservation area in the centre of the village. There is also a Manchester overspill council estate that was constructed shortly after the Second World War to rehouse families from the Victorian slums of inner city Manchester. In April 2008, these homes were transferred to a housing association, Mossbank Homes.

Cheadle is home to the HQ of sportswear giants Umbro. It formerly had the head office of Nord Anglia Education. At a later time the Nord Anglia Cheadle housed the International Schools and Learning Services divisions.

The village's football club is Cheadle Town F. C. that play in the North West Counties Football League.