Фрегат "Нумансия" и класс "Санта Мария": характеристики и применение.

Numancia (F83) is the third of the six Spanish built s of the Spanish Navy, based on the American design. The frigate was constructed in Spain by Bazan and laid down on 8 January 1986; launched on 29 January 1987; and entered service with the Spanish Navy on 17 November 1989. Based at Rota, Numancia has been deployed to the Indian Ocean to fight piracy in Somalia as part of Operation Atalanta and to the Mediterranean Sea to intercept illegal trafficking of migrants as part of Operation Sophia.

The Santa María class is a series of six guided missile frigates based on the American The Oliver Hazard Perry class had been conceived as a way to reduce unit costs while maintaining an anti air warfare (AAW) platform with anti submarine (ASW) and anti surface warfare capabilities. The Oliver Hazard Perry class came in two forms: short hulled and long hulled, with the Santa María class being the later, with an additional beam to allow for more top weight for future modifications. The class came in two batches, with the first four being from batch one and the final two from batch two. The first batch of ships had a displacement of light, standard, and at full load. The second batch has the same light and standard displacements, with a full load displacement of The frigates measure long overall and at the waterline with a beam of and a standard draught of and a maximum draught at the sonar dome of The ships have a complement of 223 sailors including 13 officers. The Santa María class is propelled by a controllable pitch propller powered by two General Electric LM2500 gas turbines creating , giving the vessels a maximum speed of The frigates stow of fuel and have a range of at or at The ships have four 1,000 kW Kato Allison 114 DOOL diesel generator sets creating a total of 4,000 kW. These can power two retractable, rotatable auxiliary propulsion motors. The vessels have fin stabilisers fitted.

Frigates of the Santa María class are armed with a single armed Mk 13 missile launcher serviced by a 40 round magazine that can handle 32 SM 1MR anti air/ship missiles and 8 Harpoon anti ship missiles. The Harpoon missiles have a range of at Mach 0.9 carrying a warhead. The SM 1R missiles have a range of at Mach 2. The vessels also mount a single OTO Melara /62 calibre naval gun capable of firing 85 rounds per minute up to with each shell carrying a warhead. For AAW defence, the ships mount a single Meroka /120 12 barrelled close in weapons system (CIWS) capable of firing 3,600 rounds per minute up to For ASW, the frigates are armed with two triple mounted Mark 32 torpedo tubes for Mod 5 Mark 46 torpedoes. The vessels are equipped with AN/SPS 49(V)4 2 D air search radar, RAN 12L (being replaced by RAN 30) 2 D low horizon air search radar for the Meroka CIWS, SPS 55 surface search radar and a Mk 92 fire control radar. For ASW, the ships have SQS 56 sonar and SQR 19(V) towed arrays. For weapons fire control, they have Mk 13 weapons control, Mk 92 and SPG 60 STIR missile control, and SQQ 89 ASW systems. For electronic warfare they have a Nettunel intercept, a SLQ 25 Nixie towed torpedo decoy, and Mk36 SROC decoy launchers.

As long hulled versions of the Oliver Hazard Perry class, the Santa María class frigates have twin hangars to accommodate up to two Sikorsky SH 60B Seahawk Light Airborne Multi Purpose System (LAMPS) III helicopters though only one is usually embarked. The helicopter deck, located aft, is equipped with the RAST helicopter deck handling system designed to handle LAMPS helicopters.

The frigate was ordered on 29 June 1977. The ship was laid down on 8 January 1986, at Izar's shipyard in Ferrol, Spain. Delays in construction followed as the Spanish Navy deferred the frigate's construction in order to focus on the construction of a new aircraft carrier. Numancia was launched on 29 January 1987, and commissioned into service on 17 November 1989. The vessel is homeported at Rota, Spain, as part of the 41st Escort Squadron. On 27 April 2009, Numancia seized the nine Somali pirates that tried to board the cruise ship MSC Melody after a short chase. From March to August 2013, Numancia deployed to the Indian Ocean as part of Operation Atalanta. In 2016, the frigate was deployed as part of Operation Sophia, intercepting the illegal trafficking of migrants in the Mediterranean Sea. In 2022, Numancia returned to the Indian Ocean, escorting food relief ships through the area as part of Operation Atalanta.