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Postville is a village in Allamakee and Clayton counties in the U. S. state of Iowa. It lies near the junction of four counties and at the intersection of U. S. Routes 18 and 52 and Iowa Highway 51, with airport facilities in the neighboring communities of Waukon, Decorah, Monona and Prairie du Chien. The population was 2,503 at the time of the 2020 census, up from 2,273 in 2000. The village is in Allamakee County's southwestern corner and the Clayton County's northwestern corner in a quad county, or four corner region, where four counties intersect. Winneshiek County is just to the west and Fayette County just to the southwest of Postville.

Postville was platted in 1853. The city was named for Joel Post, a pioneer settler. In 1987, a group of Hasidic Jews started Agriprocessors, a Kosher slaughterhouse, in Postville. After numerous accusations of mistreatment of cattle, pollution, and violations of labor law, the federal government raided the facility in May 2008, resulting in hundreds of arrests of undocumented workers. Agriprocessors filed for bankruptcy on November 5, 2008; SHF Industries bought the plant at auction in July 2009 and it has resumed production under the new name Agri Star.

Postville's longitude and latitude coordinates in decimal form are 43.085102, 91.569515. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 2.11 square miles (5 km2), all land.

As of the census of 2010, there were 2,227 people, 744 households, and 497 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 902 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 77.0% White, 4.4% African American, 0.6% Native American, 1.0% Asian, 0.7% Pacific Islander, 14.3% from other races, and 2.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 32.0% of the population. There were 744 households, of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47.7% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, 4.8% had a male householder with no wife present, and 33.2% were non families. 26.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.92 and the average family size was 3.54. The median age in the city was 30.2 years. 32.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 9.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.6% were from 25 to 44; 18.4% were from 45 to 64; and 14.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 50.4% male and 49.6% female.

In 2017 about one quarter of Postville's population were recent immigrants from Latin America and Somalia; Greg Flakus of Voice of America stated that this was ethnically diverse compared to most Iowa towns, which are almost uniformly non Hispanic white, even though "Postville is not all that diverse" compared to major American metropolitan areas. The earliest immigrants were from England, Germany, and Scandinavia. Postville has services for Jewish families typically seen in larger communities. Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America discusses the arrival of the Orthodox Jews.

Postville's growth was due to the presence of two large meat processing plants, Agriprocessors and Iowa Turkey Products. The Iowa Turkey Products plant burned in December 2003; it was rebuilt in Marshall, Minnesota. Agriprocessors, a kosher meat plant, was the largest of its type in the world. As of February 2008 it employed about 900 people and purchased $100 million worth of livestock annually. In May 2008, it was the target of a federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement raid. Subsequently, a criminal complaint was filed against Agriprocessors and its principal for alleged violations of child labor laws. As a result of its legal problems, Agriprocessors became insolvent and was run by a Chapter 11 bankruptcy trustee until SHF Industries bought it at auction in July 2009. It resumed business as Agri Star Meat & Poultry, LLC under the new ownership. as of 2017, 700 people, more than 30% of the total population, work at Agri Star; about 100 are of Somali origin. The Norplex factory produces laminated plastics plate, sheet, and profile shapes. As of 2007 it employed between 150 and 200 workers.

Postville Community School District operates public schools. John R. Mott High School is the local high school. Mesivta of Postville is the area yeshiva.

The interaction of long time Postville residents with newcomers was the subject of a book about the town, Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America', by Stephen G. Bloom, a professor at University of Iowa. A more recent book about the community and its experience with diversity before and after the May 2008 federal immigration raid is Postville USA: Surviving Diversity in Small Town America'' by Mark Grey, Michele Devlin, and Aaron Goldsmith.