Гидрид лития: свойства, применение и меры безопасности

chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 476998437
| Name = Lithium hydride
| ImageFile = Lithium hydride 3D vdW. png
| ImageSize =
| ImageName = Space filling model of part of the crystal structure of lithium hydride
| ImageCaption =
| ImageFile1 = NaCl polyhedra. png
| ImageCaption1 = |H   |Li+Structure of lithium hydride. | ImageFile2 = File:Lithium hydride. png
| ImageName2 = Space filling model of the lithium hydride molecule
|Section1=
|Section2=
|Section3=Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = fcc (NaCl type)
| LattConst a = 0.40834 nm
| IDLH = 0.5 mg/m3
| LC50 = 22 mg/m3 (rat, 4 h)
| PEL = TWA 0.025 mg/m3

With a hydrogen content in proportion to its mass three times that of NaH, LiH has the highest hydrogen content of any hydride. LiH is periodically of interest for hydrogen storage, but applications have been thwarted by its stability to decomposition. Thus removal of |H2 requires temperatures above the 700 °C used for its synthesis, such temperatures are expensive to create and maintain. The compound was once tested as a fuel component in a model rocket.

Lithium hydride (LiH) is sometimes a desirable material for the shielding of nuclear reactors, with the isotope lithium 6 (Li 6), and it can be fabricated by casting.

LiH reacts violently with water to give hydrogen gas and LiOH, which is caustic. Consequently, LiH dust can explode in humid air, or even in dry air due to static electricity. At concentrations of 5–55 mg/m3 in air the dust is extremely irritating to the mucous membranes and skin and may cause an allergic reaction. Because of the irritation, LiH is normally rejected rather than accumulated by the body. Some lithium salts, which can be produced in LiH reactions, are toxic. LiH fire should not be extinguished using carbon dioxide, carbon tetrachloride, or aqueous fire extinguishers; it should be smothered by covering with a metal object or graphite or dolomite powder. Sand is less suitable, as it can explode when mixed with burning LiH, especially if not dry. LiH is normally transported in oil, using containers made of ceramic, certain plastics or steel, and is handled in an atmosphere of dry argon or helium. Nitrogen can be used, but not at elevated temperatures, as it reacts with lithium. LiH normally contains some metallic lithium, which corrodes steel or silica containers at elevated temperatures.