Сравнивайте с английским: нажмите на абзац — оригинал откроется в окне. Кнопка EN под абзацем показывает его прямо в тексте.
Содержание
Введение
Горем — город в округе Рассел, штат Канзас, США.
City in Russell County, Kansas
Gorham is a city in Russell County, Kansas, United States.
История
Богемские колонисты опередили поселенцев в Уилсоне, штат Канзас, однако пэнсильванские меннониты из Филадельфии и Ланкастера, штат Пенсильвания, основали общину на Канзасско-Тихоокеанской железной дороге на месте будущего города Горхэм в апреле 1872 года. Илайджа Додж Горхэм, поселенец из Иллинойса, дал городу своё имя, когда разбил его план в 1879 году. Стремясь создать местный торговый центр, он официально основал город в июле 1886 года, выделил землю под католическую церковь и кладбище, а также открыл несколько предприятий, включая бакалейную лавку, зерновые элеваторы, почтовое отделение, лесопилку и угольную площадку. Позже были открыты дополнительные зерновые элеваторы и скотобойня, что утвердило Горхэм как сельскохозяйственное сообщество. Открытие нефтяных месторождений в округе Рассел преобразило местную экономику в 1920-х годах. Компании, включая Texaco, Stanolind и Sohio, начали работу в этом районе, стимулируя рост Горхэма. В 1922 году было построено кирпичное здание школы, за которым последовали второе здание в 1930 году и третье в 1949 году. К 1944 году в городе было развитое деловое сообщество, две нефтедобывающие компании и государственные школы. С 1950-х до начала 1980-х годов город продолжал расширяться за счёт строительства новых жилых районов. Он расположен в 1,2 мили (2 км) к северу от межштатной автомагистрали 70 и примерно в 9 милях (14 км) к западу от Рассела, административного центра округа. По данным Бюро переписи населения США, общая площадь города составляет 0,24 квадратных мили (1 км²), вся территория которой занята сушей.
Beaten to the settlement of Wilson, Kansas by Bohemian colonists, Pennsylvania Dutch settlers from Philadelphia and Lancaster, Pennsylvania established a community on the Kansas Pacific Railway at the future site of Gorham in April 1872. Elijah Dodge Gorham, a settler from Illinois, gave the town its name when he platted it in 1879. Seeking to create a local trading center, he formally established the town in July 1886, gave land for a Catholic Church and cemetery, and started several businesses including a general store, grain elevator, post office, lumberyard, and a coal yard. Additional grain elevators and a stockyard subsequently opened, establishing Gorham as a farming community. The discovery of oil deposits in Russell County transformed the local economy in the 1920s. Companies including Texaco, Stanolind, and Sohio started operations in the area, stimulating Gorham's growth. A brick school building was built in 1922 followed by a second building in 1930 and another in 1949. By 1944, it had a diverse business community, two oil field production companies, and public schools. From the 1950s to the early 1980s, the city expanded further through the development of residential additions. Located 1.2 mile (2 km) north of Interstate 70, it is roughly 9 mile (14 km) west of Russell, the county seat. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 0.24 square miles (1 km2), all of it land.
Перепись 2020 года
В переписи населения США 2020 года в Горхэме насчитывалось 376 человек, 147 домохозяйств и 96 семей. Расовый состав составлял 93,09% (350) белых или американцев европейского происхождения (91,49% неиспаноязычных белых), 1,33% (5) афроамериканцев, 0,0% (0) коренных американцев или жителей Аляски, 0,53% (2) азиатов, 0,0% (0) жителей островов Тихого океана или коренных гавайцев, 0,0% (0) представители других рас и 5,05% (19) представители двух или более рас. Испаноязычные или латиноамериканцы любой расы составляли 2,93% (11) населения. Из 147 домохозяйств 30,6% имели детей в возрасте до 18 лет; 50,3% были супружескими парами, проживающими совместно; 17,7% возглавлялись женщиной без супруга или партнера. 28,6% домохозяйств состояли из отдельных лиц, а в 11,6% проживал хотя бы один человек в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Доля населения, имеющего степень бакалавра или выше, оценивалась в 8,2%. 29,5% населения были моложе 18 лет, 10,1% – от 18 до 24 лет, 24,5% – от 25 до 44 лет, 20,7% – от 45 до 64 лет и 15,2% – в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст составлял 36,3 года. На каждые 100 женщин приходилось 95,8 мужчин. Медианный доход мужчин составлял 36 528 долларов США (+/- 10 542 доллара США), а медианный доход женщин – 27 621 доллар США (+/- 2676 долларов США). Медианный доход для лиц старше 16 лет составлял 28 871 доллар США (+/- 3147 долларов США). Примерно 3,1% семей и 6,2% населения проживали за чертой бедности, в том числе 7,4% лиц в возрасте до 18 лет и 0,0% лиц в возрасте 65 лет и старше.
The 2020 United States census counted 376 people, 147 households, and 96 families in Gorham. The racial makeup was 93.09% (350) white or European American (91.49% non Hispanic white), 1.33% (5) black or African American, 0.0% (0) Native American or Alaska Native, 0.53% (2) Asian, 0.0% (0) Pacific Islander or Native Hawaiian, 0.0% (0) from other races, and 5.05% (19) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race was 2.93% (11) of the population. Of the 147 households, 30.6% had children under the age of 18; 50.3% were married couples living together; 17.7% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 28.6% of households consisted of individuals and 11.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The percent of those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 8.2% of the population. 29.5% of the population was under the age of 18, 10.1% from 18 to 24, 24.5% from 25 to 44, 20.7% from 45 to 64, and 15.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.3 years. For every 100 females, there were 95.8 males. Males had a median income of $36,528 (+/ $10,542) versus $27,621 (+/ $2,676) for females. The median income for those above 16 years old was $28,871 (+/ $3,147). Approximately, 3.1% of families and 6.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7.4% of those under the age of 18 and 0.0% of those ages 65 or over.
Перепись 2010 года
По данным переписи населения 2010 года, в городе проживало 334 человека, 150 домохозяйств и 98 семей. Плотность населения составляла 171 человек на квадратный километр при средней плотности размещения жилых домов. Расовый состав города был следующим: 98,8% — белые, 0,3% — коренные американцы, 0,9% — представители двух и более рас. Доля латиноамериканцев и латиноамериканцев любой расы в населении составила 0,3%. Из 150 домохозяйств 27,3% имели детей в возрасте до 18 лет, проживающих с ними, 52,7% представляли собой супружеские пары, проживающие вместе, в 2,0% домохозяйств главой семьи был мужчина без жены, в 10,7% — женщина без мужа, а 34,7% состояли из несемейных домохозяйств. 31,3% всех домохозяйств состояли из отдельных лиц, при этом 11,3% из них были люди в возрасте 65 лет и старше, проживающие одни. Средний размер домохозяйства составлял 2,23 человека, а средний размер семьи — 2,76 человека.
As of the 2010 census, there were 334 people, 150 households, and 98 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 171 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 98.8% White, 0.3% American Indian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 0.3% of the population. There were 150 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23, and the average family size was 2.76. of 2000, there were 360 people, 149 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 176 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 97.78% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.83% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population. There were 149 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
По данным переписи 2000 года, в городе проживало 360 человек, 149 домохозяйств и 91 семья. Плотность населения составляла 176 человек на квадратный километр при средней плотности размещения жилых домов. Расовый состав города был следующим: 97,78% — белые, 0,83% — коренные американцы, 0,28% — азиаты, 0,83% — представители других рас и 0,28% — представители двух и более рас. Доля испаноязычных или латиноамериканцев любой расы в населении составила 0,83%. Из 149 домохозяйств 30,9% имели детей в возрасте до 18 лет, проживающих с ними, 50,3% представляли собой супружеские пары, проживающие вместе, в 7,4% домохозяйств главой семьи была женщина без мужа, а 38,9% состояли из несемейных домохозяйств. 32,9% всех домохозяйств состояли из отдельных лиц, при этом 14,1% из них были люди в возрасте 65 лет и старше, проживающие одни. Средний размер домохозяйства составлял 2,42 человека, а средний размер семьи — 3,10 человека.
As of the 2010 census, there were 334 people, 150 households, and 98 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 171 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 98.8% White, 0.3% American Indian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 0.3% of the population. There were 150 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23, and the average family size was 2.76. of 2000, there were 360 people, 149 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 176 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 97.78% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.83% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population. There were 149 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
В городе наблюдалось следующее распределение населения по возрасту: 26,9% — лица в возрасте до 18 лет, 6,1% — от 18 до 24 лет, 26,4% — от 25 до 44 лет, 21,4% — от 45 до 64 лет и 19,2% — в возрасте 65 лет и старше. Средний возраст составлял 38 лет. На каждые 100 женщин приходилось 83,7 мужчин. На каждые 100 женщин в возрасте 18 лет и старше приходилось 86,5 мужчин.
As of the 2010 census, there were 334 people, 150 households, and 98 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 171 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 98.8% White, 0.3% American Indian, and 0.9% from two or more races. Hispanics and Latinos of any race were 0.3% of the population. There were 150 households, of which 27.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52.7% were married couples living together, 2.0% had a male householder with no wife present, 10.7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34.7% were non families. 31.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23, and the average family size was 2.76. of 2000, there were 360 people, 149 households, and 91 families residing in the city. The population density was There were 176 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the city was 97.78% White, 0.83% Native American, 0.28% Asian, 0.83% from other races, and 0.28% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population. There were 149 households, out of which 30.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.3% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non families. 32.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.42 and the average family size was 3.10. In the city the population was spread out, with 26.9% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 26.4% from 25 to 44, 21.4% from 45 to 64, and 19.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.5 males.
Экономика
По состоянию на 2012 год 82,3% населения старше 16 лет составляла рабочая сила. 0,0% служили в вооруженных силах, а 82,3% входили в состав гражданской рабочей силы, из которых 77,1% были заняты и 5,2% – безработные. Структура занятой гражданской рабочей силы по профессиям была следующей: 23,4% – в сфере управления, бизнеса, науки и искусства; 23,4% – в сфере продаж и офисной работы; 19,6% – в сфере природных ресурсов, строительства и обслуживания; 19,6% – в сфере услуг; и 13,9% – в производстве, транспорте и перемещении грузов. Три отрасли, в которых было занято наибольшее количество представителей гражданской рабочей силы: строительство (21,1%); образовательные услуги, здравоохранение и социальная помощь (18,7%); а также искусство, развлечения, отдых, гостиничный и ресторанный бизнес (11,5%). По состоянию на 2012 год медианная стоимость жилья в городе составляла 59 700 долларов США, медианная ежемесячная стоимость владения жильем – 800 долларов США для домов с ипотекой и 314 долларов США для домов без ипотеки, а медианная арендная плата – 621 доллар США. Горхэм входит в 1-й избирательный округ Конгресса США штата Канзас, который представляет Трейси Манн (Р, Салина). Для целей представительства в законодательном собрании Канзаса город находится в 36-м округе Сената Канзаса и 109-м округе Палаты представителей Канзаса. В соответствии с законом штата, государственные школы Горхэма были объединены со школами округа Рассел (USD 407) в 1967 году. Последующая консолидация привела к закрытию Горэмской средней школы в 1984 году и Горэмской начальной школы в 1997 году.
As of 2012, 82.3% of the population over the age of 16 was in the labor force. 0.0% was in the armed forces, and 82.3% was in the civilian labor force with 77.1% being employed and 5.2% unemployed. The composition, by occupation, of the employed civilian labor force was: 23.4% in management, business, science, and arts; 23.4% in sales and office occupations; 19.6% in natural resources, construction, and maintenance; 19.6% in service occupations; and 13.9% in production, transportation, and material moving. The three industries employing the largest percentages of the working civilian labor force were: construction (21.1%); educational services, and health care and social assistance (18.7%); and arts, entertainment, and recreation, and accommodation and food services (11.5%). As of 2012, the median home value in the city was $59,700, the median selected monthly owner cost was $800 for housing units with a mortgage and $314 for those without, and the median gross rent was $621. Gorham lies within Kansas's 1st U. S. Congressional District, represented by Tracey Mann (R Salina). For the purposes of representation in the Kansas Legislature, the city is located in the 36th district of the Kansas Senate and the 109th district of the Kansas House of Representatives. Mandated by state law, Gorham's public schools joined Russell County Schools (USD 407) in 1967. Subsequent consolidation led to the closure of Gorham High School in 1984 and Gorham Elementary School in 1997.
Транспортировка
Межштатная автомагистраль 70 и федеральная трасса 40 проходят параллельно с востока на запад чуть более чем в полутора километрах к югу от города. Старое направление трассы U.S. 40 проходит с востока на запад через город, пересекая 176-ю улицу – асфальтированную окружную дорогу, ранее известную как K 257, которая идет с севера на юг. Железнодорожная компания Union Pacific Railroad обслуживает один грузовой железнодорожный путь, свою линию Kansas Pacific (KP), проходящую через Горем. Этот путь идет с северо-востока на юго-запад через населенный пункт.
Interstate 70 and U. S. Route 40 run concurrently east–west just over a mile south of the city. The old alignment of U. S. 40 runs east–west through the city, intersecting 176th Street, a paved county road formerly designated K 257, which runs north–south. Union Pacific Railroad operates one freight rail line, its Kansas Pacific (KP) line, through Gorham. The line runs northeast–southwest through the community.
Коммунальные услуги
Midwest Energy, Inc. поставляет электроэнергию местным жителям. Gorham Telephone предоставляет услуги телефонной связи, а также кабельное телевидение и доступ в интернет. Большинство жителей используют природный газ для отопления, а обслуживание обеспечивает Kansas Gas Service.
Midwest Energy, Inc. provides electricity to local residents. Gorham Telephone provides landline telephone service and offers cable television and internet access. Most residents use natural gas for heating fuel; service is provided by Kansas Gas Service.
Медиа
Горэм входит в телевизионный рынок Уичита-Хатчинсон, штат Канзас.
Gorham is in the Wichita Hutchinson, Kansas television market.
В популярной культуре и искусстве
Горэм служил и декорациями, и местом съемок фильма "Бумажная луна" 1973 года.
Gorham was both a setting and filming location of the 1973 film Paper Moon.