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Введение
Уильям ДюХамэль Денни (31 марта 1873 – 21 ноября 1953) — американский политик и предприниматель из Довера, штат Делавэр, округ Кент. Он был ветераном Первой мировой войны, членом Республиканской партии и служил в Генеральной ассамблее штата Делавэр, а также занимал должность губернатора штата Делавэр.
American politician
William duHamel Denney (March 31, 1873 – November 21, 1953) was an American businessman and politician from Dover, in Kent County, Delaware. He was a veteran of World War I and member of the Republican Party, who served in the Delaware General Assembly and as Governor of Delaware.
Ранняя жизнь и семья
Денни родился недалеко от Довера, штат Делавэр, сын Уильяма и Анны ДюХамель Денни. Он женился на Элис Годвин 27 октября 1917 года, и у них было двое детей: Элис и Энн. Они жили по адресу: улица Уильямс, дом 201, в Довере и были прихожанами церкви Христа Епископального прихода. Денни учился в Уэслианском коллегиальном институте в Довере.
Denney was born near Dover, Delaware, son of William and Anna DuHamel Denney. He married Alice Godwin October 27, 1917, and they had two children, Alice and Anne. They lived at 201 Williams Street in Dover and were members of Christ Episcopal Church. Denney attended the Wesleyan Collegiate Institute in Dover.
Профессиональная и политическая карьера
Он сделал свою профессиональную карьеру в страховом деле, став генеральным агентом компании Hartford Insurance в 1908 году и партнером в страховом агентстве W. Charles Boyer's Dover Insurance Agency. Во время Первой мировой войны он оставил работу и поступил на службу в армию США. Дослужившись до звания первого лейтенанта, он получил приказ отправиться во Францию, но этот приказ трижды отменялся, и он так туда и не попал.
He made his professional career in the insurance business, becoming the General Agent of the Hartford Insurance Company in 1908 and was a partner in the W. Charles Boyer's Dover Insurance Agency. During World War I he left his job and served in the U. S. Army. Rising to the rank of first lieutenant, he was ordered to go to France, but three times had the orders cancelled, and never went.
Губернатор штата Делавэр
Денни проработал один срок в Палате представителей штата Делавэр в течение сессии 1905–1906 годов и был избран спикером. Он был личным секретарем сенатора США от штата Делавэр Гарри Ричардсона с 1907 по 1913 год. В 1920 году он был избран губернатором штата Делавэр, победив кандидата от Демократической партии Эндрю Линча, юриста из Джорджтауна. На сессии 1921 года вновь разгорелась борьба за государственное образование. На предыдущей сессии был принят далеко идущий, инновационный закон, известный как «Школьный кодекс 1919 года». Этот закон полностью переработал систему государственного образования в Делавэре, предоставив полномочия государственному суперинтенданту по установлению стандартов, объединив сотни небольших местных школьных округов в окружные, установив 180-дневный учебный год и учредив окружные советы по образованию для финансирования за счет налога на имущество округа. Закон вызвал горячие споры и был принят лишь с небольшим перевесом голосов. Противники намеревались отменить его в 1921 году, но благодаря значительным усилиям сторонникам удалось достичь компромисса, получившего название «Школьный закон 1921 года». Он снизил стандарты, включая продолжительность учебного года до 180 дней, но, что наиболее важно, перенес финансирование из округов в штат посредством налога на доходы. Для управления этими средствами окружные советы по образованию были заменены Государственным советом по образованию и Государственным комиссаром по школьным налогам. Все это было личной миссией Пьера С. Дюпона. Он был одним из тех, кто убедительно отстаивал его принятие не только в Генеральной Ассамблее, но и на сотнях небольших собраний по всему штату. И именно его личный вклад в размере 5 миллионов долларов, выделенный в течение 20 лет, позволил осуществить значительную реконструкцию подходящих зданий для соответствия установленным стандартам. Денни оказался в центре споров из-за серии назначений, получивших название «Грязная сделка». В 1921 году истекал срок полномочий уважаемого канцлера Чарльза М. Кертиса. Денни мог легко переназначить его, но вместо этого выбрал Джозию О. Уолкотта. Считалось, что Уолкотт стремился к должности канцлера, но дополнительным преимуществом было то, что он был сенатором от Демократической партии, чье назначение канцлером открыло бы Денни возможность назначить республиканца в Сенат США. Этот сценарий вызвал недели возмущения, когда адвокатское сообщество штата Делавэр потребовало переназначения Кертиса, а Уолкотт заявил, что откажется от назначения. Однако Денни настоял на своем, и Уолкотт был назначен, подав в отставку с поста сенатора США. Затем Денни произвел фурор, назначив своего друга и лидера Республиканской партии Т. Коулмана Дюпона в Сенат США. Пресса взорвалась, убежденная в том, что Дюпон, один из самых богатых людей страны, купил эту должность для себя. В конечном итоге Дюпон понес наказание, проиграв выборы в Сенат США в 1922 году, но Уолкотт сделал долгую и выдающуюся карьеру канцлера. После ухода с поста Денни служил исполняющим обязанности государственного секретаря штата Делавэр в 1931 году, комиссаром Государственной комиссии по автотранспорту в 1940 году и государственным библиотекарем с 1941 по 1948 год. Он также был членом Республиканского комитета штата с 1920 по 1953 год и занимал должность председателя с 1926 по 1928 год. Он был председателем Республиканских съездов штата в 1922 и 1928 годах и делегатом на Республиканских национальных съездах в 1908, 1924 и 1928 годах.
Denney served one term in the Delaware House of Representatives, during the 1905 06 session, and was chosen as Speaker. He was the personal secretary to Delaware U. S. Senator Harry A. Richardson from 1907 until 1913. In 1920 he was elected Governor of Delaware, defeating the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew J. Lynch, a Georgetown lawyer. The 1921 session saw a renewed struggle over public education. In the previous session, the far reaching, innovative legislation known as the "School Code of 1919" was enacted. This act completely reworked public education in Delaware by empowering a state superintendent to set standards, consolidated hundreds of tiny local school districts into countywide districts, established a 180 day school year, and provided for a County board of education to appropriate funding through the county property tax. It was hotly debated then, and only narrowly passed. The opponents were poised to repeal the whole legislation in 1921, but through much effort, proponents managed a compromise, the "School Law of 1921". It lessened the standards, including the 180 day school year, but most importantly moved the funding from the counties to the state through an income tax. To manage that funding, it replaced the county boards of education with a State board of education and a State School Tax Commissioner. The whole effort was a personal mission of Pierre S. du Pont. He was prominent among those who persuasively argued its passage, not only in the General Assembly, but in hundreds of small gatherings around the state. And it was his personal $5,000,000 contribution, given over 20 years, which made possible much of the reconstruction of suitable buildings to meet the standards established. Denney was at the center of controversy over a series of appointments that came to be known as "the Dirty Deal". In 1921 the term of respected Chancellor Charles M. Curtis was due to expire. Denney could easily have reappointed him, but instead chose to nominate Josiah O. Wolcott to the post. Wolcott was thought to want to be chancellor, but had the added advantage of being a Democratic U. S. Senator, whose appointment as chancellor would create the opportunity for Denney to appoint a Republican to the U. S. Senate. The scenario created weeks of clamor, with the Delaware Bar demanding the reappointment of Curtis and Wolcott saying he would refuse the appointment. Denney persisted though, and Wolcott was appointed, resigning his U. S. Senate seat. Then Denney dropped a bombshell by appointing his friend and Republican Party leader, T. Coleman du Pont, to the U. S. Senate seat. The press exploded, convinced that du Pont, one of the wealthiest men in the country, had bought the position for himself. Du Pont was eventually punished by being defeated in the U. S. Senate election of 1922, but Wolcott served a long and distinguished career as chancellor. After leaving office, Denney served as acting secretary of state for Delaware in 1931, commissioner of the State Motor Vehicle Commission in 1940, and was the state librarian from 1941 to 1948. He was also a member of the Republican State Committee from 1920 to 1953, and served as chair from 1926 to 1928. He was chair of the 1922 and 1928 Republican State Conventions, and served as a delegate to the 1908, 1924, and 1928 Republican National Conventions. Delaware General Assembly (sessions while Governor)YearAssemblySenate MajorityPresidentpro temporeHouse MajoritySpeaker1921–1922101stRepublicanWallace S. HandyDemocraticWalter J. Paskey Sr.1923–1924102ndDemocraticCharles D. MurphyDemocraticSamuel N. Culver
Генеральная Ассамблея штата Делавэр (сессии во время пребывания на посту губернатора)
Denney served one term in the Delaware House of Representatives, during the 1905 06 session, and was chosen as Speaker. He was the personal secretary to Delaware U. S. Senator Harry A. Richardson from 1907 until 1913. In 1920 he was elected Governor of Delaware, defeating the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew J. Lynch, a Georgetown lawyer. The 1921 session saw a renewed struggle over public education. In the previous session, the far reaching, innovative legislation known as the "School Code of 1919" was enacted. This act completely reworked public education in Delaware by empowering a state superintendent to set standards, consolidated hundreds of tiny local school districts into countywide districts, established a 180 day school year, and provided for a County board of education to appropriate funding through the county property tax. It was hotly debated then, and only narrowly passed. The opponents were poised to repeal the whole legislation in 1921, but through much effort, proponents managed a compromise, the "School Law of 1921". It lessened the standards, including the 180 day school year, but most importantly moved the funding from the counties to the state through an income tax. To manage that funding, it replaced the county boards of education with a State board of education and a State School Tax Commissioner. The whole effort was a personal mission of Pierre S. du Pont. He was prominent among those who persuasively argued its passage, not only in the General Assembly, but in hundreds of small gatherings around the state. And it was his personal $5,000,000 contribution, given over 20 years, which made possible much of the reconstruction of suitable buildings to meet the standards established. Denney was at the center of controversy over a series of appointments that came to be known as "the Dirty Deal". In 1921 the term of respected Chancellor Charles M. Curtis was due to expire. Denney could easily have reappointed him, but instead chose to nominate Josiah O. Wolcott to the post. Wolcott was thought to want to be chancellor, but had the added advantage of being a Democratic U. S. Senator, whose appointment as chancellor would create the opportunity for Denney to appoint a Republican to the U. S. Senate. The scenario created weeks of clamor, with the Delaware Bar demanding the reappointment of Curtis and Wolcott saying he would refuse the appointment. Denney persisted though, and Wolcott was appointed, resigning his U. S. Senate seat. Then Denney dropped a bombshell by appointing his friend and Republican Party leader, T. Coleman du Pont, to the U. S. Senate seat. The press exploded, convinced that du Pont, one of the wealthiest men in the country, had bought the position for himself. Du Pont was eventually punished by being defeated in the U. S. Senate election of 1922, but Wolcott served a long and distinguished career as chancellor. After leaving office, Denney served as acting secretary of state for Delaware in 1931, commissioner of the State Motor Vehicle Commission in 1940, and was the state librarian from 1941 to 1948. He was also a member of the Republican State Committee from 1920 to 1953, and served as chair from 1926 to 1928. He was chair of the 1922 and 1928 Republican State Conventions, and served as a delegate to the 1908, 1924, and 1928 Republican National Conventions. Delaware General Assembly (sessions while Governor)YearAssemblySenate MajorityPresidentpro temporeHouse MajoritySpeaker1921–1922101stRepublicanWallace S. HandyDemocraticWalter J. Paskey Sr.1923–1924102ndDemocraticCharles D. MurphyDemocraticSamuel N. Culver
Год | Сенатское большинство | Президент временного исполнения | Председатель Палаты представителей
------- | -------- | -------- | --------
1921–1922 | 101-й, Республиканский | Уоллес С. Хенди | Уолтер Дж. Паски Старший
1923–1924 | 102-й, Демократический | Чарльз Д. Мерфи | Сэмюэл Н. Калвер
Denney served one term in the Delaware House of Representatives, during the 1905 06 session, and was chosen as Speaker. He was the personal secretary to Delaware U. S. Senator Harry A. Richardson from 1907 until 1913. In 1920 he was elected Governor of Delaware, defeating the Democratic Party candidate, Andrew J. Lynch, a Georgetown lawyer. The 1921 session saw a renewed struggle over public education. In the previous session, the far reaching, innovative legislation known as the "School Code of 1919" was enacted. This act completely reworked public education in Delaware by empowering a state superintendent to set standards, consolidated hundreds of tiny local school districts into countywide districts, established a 180 day school year, and provided for a County board of education to appropriate funding through the county property tax. It was hotly debated then, and only narrowly passed. The opponents were poised to repeal the whole legislation in 1921, but through much effort, proponents managed a compromise, the "School Law of 1921". It lessened the standards, including the 180 day school year, but most importantly moved the funding from the counties to the state through an income tax. To manage that funding, it replaced the county boards of education with a State board of education and a State School Tax Commissioner. The whole effort was a personal mission of Pierre S. du Pont. He was prominent among those who persuasively argued its passage, not only in the General Assembly, but in hundreds of small gatherings around the state. And it was his personal $5,000,000 contribution, given over 20 years, which made possible much of the reconstruction of suitable buildings to meet the standards established. Denney was at the center of controversy over a series of appointments that came to be known as "the Dirty Deal". In 1921 the term of respected Chancellor Charles M. Curtis was due to expire. Denney could easily have reappointed him, but instead chose to nominate Josiah O. Wolcott to the post. Wolcott was thought to want to be chancellor, but had the added advantage of being a Democratic U. S. Senator, whose appointment as chancellor would create the opportunity for Denney to appoint a Republican to the U. S. Senate. The scenario created weeks of clamor, with the Delaware Bar demanding the reappointment of Curtis and Wolcott saying he would refuse the appointment. Denney persisted though, and Wolcott was appointed, resigning his U. S. Senate seat. Then Denney dropped a bombshell by appointing his friend and Republican Party leader, T. Coleman du Pont, to the U. S. Senate seat. The press exploded, convinced that du Pont, one of the wealthiest men in the country, had bought the position for himself. Du Pont was eventually punished by being defeated in the U. S. Senate election of 1922, but Wolcott served a long and distinguished career as chancellor. After leaving office, Denney served as acting secretary of state for Delaware in 1931, commissioner of the State Motor Vehicle Commission in 1940, and was the state librarian from 1941 to 1948. He was also a member of the Republican State Committee from 1920 to 1953, and served as chair from 1926 to 1928. He was chair of the 1922 and 1928 Republican State Conventions, and served as a delegate to the 1908, 1924, and 1928 Republican National Conventions. Delaware General Assembly (sessions while Governor)YearAssemblySenate MajorityPresidentpro temporeHouse MajoritySpeaker1921–1922101stRepublicanWallace S. HandyDemocraticWalter J. Paskey Sr.1923–1924102ndDemocraticCharles D. MurphyDemocraticSamuel N. Culver
Смерть и наследие
Денни умер в Эльсмере и похоронен на кладбище при церкви Христа Епископального прихода в Довере.
Denney died at Elsmere and is buried in the Christ Episcopal Church Cemetery at Dover.
Изображения
Галерея портретов губернаторов; Портрет предоставлен Управлением по историческому и культурному наследию, Довер.
Hall of Governors Portrait Gallery ; Portrait courtesy of Historical and Cultural Affairs, Dover.