Conch (people)

Slang term for ethnic group

Conch ('/k//ɒ//ŋ//k/) was originally a slang term for Bahamians of European descent.

By extension, the term Conch has also been applied to the descendants of Bahamian immigrants in Florida. Bahamians began visiting the Florida Keys in the 18thcentury to catch turtles, cut timber, and salvage wrecks. During the 19thcentury and the first half of the 20thcentury, most of the permanent residents in the Florida Keys outside of Key West, and many in Key West, were Bahamian in origin. Conch was reported to be a term of distinction for Bahamians in Key West in the 1880s. The white Bahamians in the keys continued to be known as Conchs. The 1939 WPA Guide to Florida produced by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) noted that both Conchs and black Bahamians in Key West spoke with a "Cockney accent". Other residents of the Florida Keys, especially in Key West, began calling themselves Conchs, and the term is now applied generally to all residents of Key West such as in Conch Republic. To distinguish between natives and non natives, the terms "Salt Water Conch" (native) and "Fresh Water Conch" (non native) have been used. Newcomers become "Fresh Water Conchs" after seven years.

Riviera Beach, Florida, was known as "Conchtown" in the first half of the 20thcentury because of the number of Bahamian immigrants who settled there. Unlike the situation in Key West and the rest of the Florida Keys, where being Conch became a matter of pride and community identification, Conch was used by outsiders (in particular the residents of West Palm Beach) in a pejorative manner to describe the Bahamian community in Riviera Beach. The usage there also carried the connotation that at least some of the Conchs were of mixed racial heritage. As a result, some of the Bahamians in Riviera Beach denied being Conchs when interviewed by the Works Progress Administration (WPA) Florida Writers Project in the late 1930s. WPA worker Veronica Huss (with assistance from Stetson Kennedy) and photographer Charles Foster wrote a book on the Conchs and their culture entitled Conch Town, but the WPA chose not to publish it (Foster eventually published an edited version in 1991). Many Bahamians also settled in Miami, particularly in the Coconut Grove neighborhood, and in Tarpon Springs.

The term Conchy Joe or Conky Joe can be a pejorative or affectionate term used to refer to a native Bahamian of primarily European descent.