Оксана Чусовитина: Легенда спортивной гимнастики

Multinational artistic gymnast (born 1975)

Oksana Aleksandrovna Chusovitina (Оксана Александровна Чусовитина; born 19 June 1975) is an Uzbekistani artistic gymnast. Chusovitina's career as an elite gymnast has spanned more than three decades. She won the USSR Junior Nationals in 1988 and began competing at the international level in 1989 before many of her current rivals were even born. She is the only gymnast ever to compete in eight Olympic Games, and is one of only two female gymnasts to compete at the Olympics under three different national teams: the Unified Team in 1992; Uzbekistan in 1996, 2000, 2004, 2016 and 2020; and Germany in 2008 and 2012. She is one of the 18 Olympians and 6 female Olympians to participate in 8 different Olympics. Chusovitina's longevity and consistency as an elite gymnast is exceptionally unusual; the skillset and wear and tear typical of the sport mean elite female gymnasts have often retired in their early twenties and a gymnast in her late twenties would be considered a seasoned veteran. Chusovitina has also competed in 16 World Championships, four Asian Games, and three Goodwill Games. Chusovitina holds the record for the most individual world championship medals in a single event (nine, on the vault). Chusovitina is one of the few female gymnasts to return to international competitions after becoming a mother.

Chusovitina began gymnastics in 1982. In 1988, at the age of 13, she won the all around title at the USSR National Championships in the junior division. By 1990, Chusovitina was a vital member of the Soviet team, and was sent to compete in various international meets. She was the vault gold medalist at the 1990 Goodwill Games and nearly swept the 1990 World Sports Fair in Japan, winning the all around and every event except the uneven bars. The following year she won the floor exercise at the 1991 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships and placed second on the vault. In 1992 Chusovitina competed at the Olympics with the Unified Team, shared in the team gold medal and placed seventh in the floor final. She also won her second World Championships vault medal, a bronze.

After the 1992 Olympics, when the former Soviet gymnasts returned to their home republics, Chusovitina began competing for Uzbekistan and continued training with Uzbekistan head coach Svetlana Kuznetsova, also her personal coach. Conditions at the national training facility in Tashkent were far worse than the Soviet Round Lake training center, so Chusovitina practiced on antiquated, and in some cases, unsafe equipment. In spite of this setback, she was able to consistently produce world class routines. Chusovitina represented Uzbekistan from 1993 to 2006 and competed for them at the 1996, 2000 and 2004 Olympics, the 1994, 1998 and 2002 Asian Games and the 1994 and 2001 Goodwill Games. During this era she was the strongest gymnast on the Uzbekistan national team, earning more than 70 medals in international competitions and qualifying to the Olympics three times. For her contributions to gymnastics, Chusovitina was granted the title of "Honored Athlete of the Republic of Uzbekistan" by the Uzbekistan Ministry of Cultural and Sports Affairs. In 2001, she was named as the first WAG representative to the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG)'s Athletes' Commission. In addition, Chusovitina graduated from the Sports University in Tashkent. In late 1997 Chusovitina married Uzbek Olympic wrestler Bakhodir Kurbanov, whom she first met at the 1994 Asian Games in Hiroshima. Seeking advanced medical treatment for their son, Chusovitina and her husband accepted an offer of help from Shanna and Peter Brüggemann, head coaches of the Toyota Cologne club, and moved to Germany. With prize money earned from gymnastics competitions, along with the help of the Brüggemanns and members of the international gymnastics community who fundraised and donated to the cause, Chusovitina was able to secure treatment for Alisher at the University of Cologne's hospital. While Alisher underwent treatment in Cologne, Chusovitina trained with the German team. Uzbekistan released Chusovitina to compete for Germany in 2003. However, due to rules requiring three years of residency, she was unable to gain German citizenship immediately. From 2003 to 2006 she trained in Germany but continued to compete for Uzbekistan, representing her native country at the 2003 and 2005 World Championships and the 2004 Olympics. In 2003, 12 years after her world championships debut, Chusovitina won the gold medal on the vault at that year's world championships in Anaheim. In July 2007, she won the all around title at the 2007 German National Championships. At her first European Championships, she placed second on the vault. At the 2007 World Championships in Stuttgart, Chusovitina helped the German squad to a 10th place finish in the preliminary round, which qualified them to send a full team to the 2008 Olympics in Beijing, where she was the oldest female competitor in her discipline. At the 2008 Olympics, the German team placed 12th in the qualifying round of competition. Chusovitina qualified to the individual all around final, where she placed ninth overall. She also qualified in fourth place for the vault final. In the vault final, she won the silver medal with a score of 15.575. Despite earlier claims that she would attempt to compete in the London 2012 Summer Olympics, Chusovitina announced in April 2009 that she intended to only participate in the 2009 World Gymnastics Championships in October, and that she would not continue. The championships, she stated, are "enough." However, she returned to compete in some competitions in 2010 (including the 2010 Houston National Invitational). She won the silver medal on vault at the 2011 European Championships, the 2011 World Championships and the 2012 European Championships. Chusovitina competed at the 2012 Summer Olympics for Germany. The games were a remarkable sixth Olympics for Chusovitina, who qualified for the vault final where she placed in fifth behind her German teammate, Janine Berger. Afterward Chusovitina declared she would retire as a gymnast and concentrate on coaching. However, instead of retiring, Chusovitina switched back to competing for Uzbekistan. She competed at the 2016 and 2020 Olympics. She has stated her goal is to win an Olympic medal on vault for Uzbekistan, because she’s already won medals for the Unified Team and Germany, but not for her home country.

Despite her statements about retirement in 2012, Chusovitina returned to gymnastics the following year and announced plans to continue competing through the Rio 2016 Summer Olympics. In April 2016, she qualified an individual place for Uzbekistan at a qualifying event in Rio de Janeiro. Upon competing in Rio, she set a record as the oldest gymnast to ever compete at the Olympic Games at the age of 41 and 2 months. She also became the first and only gymnast to compete in seven consecutive Olympiads, surpassing the record of six she set in 2012 with Yordan Yovchev of Bulgaria. Following the 2016 Olympics, Chusovitina announced that she intended to compete in the 2020 Olympics in Tokyo. After competing solely on vault for several years, Chusovitina announced in 2018 that she would begin competing all around again. Chusovitina competed at the 2019 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships in order to qualify for Tokyo. During qualifications, she fell on her second vault and on balance beam. Despite these errors, she ranked high enough in the all around standings to secure one of the last all around berths to the Olympics from that event. She was selected as a flag bearer for Uzbekistan at the 2020 Summer Olympics opening ceremony, but was replaced just few hours before the ceremony. On her final day of competition on 25 July 2021 in Tokyo, she failed to qualify for the vault finals. Despite initially stating that she would retire following the delayed 2020 Olympic Games, Chusovitina later stated she would return to training for the 2022 Asian Games, which was postponed indefinitely due to the COVID 19 pandemic. She then won a gold medal on vault at 2022 Doha World Cup Event and the 2022 Uzbekistan National Championships. When asked how the postponement of the Asian games would influence her training plans, she stated that her goal was to continue training and compete in the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris, France. Chusovitina competed at the postponed Islamic Solidarity Games in 2022 alongside Dildora Aripova and Ominakhon Khalilova. They finished second as a team behind Turkey. Chusovitina won gold on vault.

Chusovitina has five eponymous skills in the Code of Points. Apparatus Name Description Difficulty Vault Chusovitina Handspring forward on piked salto forward with 1/1 turn (360°) off 4.4 Vault Chusovitina Handspring forward on stretched salto forward with 1½ turn (540°) off 5.4 Uneven Bars Chusovitina Giant circle backward to handstand with hop 1/1 turn (360°) in handstand phase D Uneven Bars Chusovitina Swing forward to double salto backward tucked with 1/1 turn (360°) in second salto D Floor Exercise Chusovitina Touzhikova Double salto backward stretched with 1/1 turn (360°) H