Американский бронебойный танковый снаряд M829 и его модификации

American armor piercing tank round

The M829 is an American armor piercing fin stabilized discarding sabot (APFSDS) kinetic energy penetrator tank round. Modeling was done at the Ballistic Research Laboratory at Aberdeen Proving Ground, which was incorporated into the Army Research Laboratory in 1992. The round is specifically designed for the 120 mm M256 main gun on the Abrams M1A1 and M1A2 main battle tanks. The penetrator is carried by a sabot during its acceleration in the gun barrel.

The M829 dart has a ballistic nose and six tail fins made of aluminum. It is carried in the gun tube by a four piece aluminum sabot, which separates into four "petals" soon after the round leaves the gun tube. which reaches a muzzle velocity of using of JA 2 propellant. Its maximum effective range is According to Jane's, the M829 is capable of penetrating of RHA steel armor at up to a range. The original M829 is no longer in production and has been succeeded by the M829A1, M829A2, and M829A3. The corresponding training round is the M865, costing $1,121.

The next generation ammunition, called 120 mm APFSDS T M829A2, entered service in 1994 and is the armor piercing ammunition currently being produced by General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems for the 120 mm M256 gun of M1A1 and M1A2 tanks. It is a technology improvement over the M829A1. The new ammunition's performance gains, while classified, result from several new features. These include a special manufacturing process that improves the structural quality of the depleted uranium penetrator. This, the use of new composites for the sabot, and a new propellant provide superior penetrator performance. Combined, these features increase the muzzle velocity of the M829A2 to approximately 100 m/s greater than the M829A1's (up to approximately 1,675 m/s) while operating at slightly lower pressure. The projectile's length is 780 mm, its mass 9 kg. On 6 May 2014, the U. S. Army announced that it awarded a US$12 million contract to defense contractor General Dynamics for the demilitarization and disposal of 78,000 aging depleted uranium (DU) tank rounds as newer rounds are added to the U. S. war reserves. The contract includes M829A1 and M829A2 rounds.

With the Soviet creation of the Kontakt 5 Explosive Reactive Armor (ERA), the M829A2 was the US immediate response, developed in part to take on this new ERA type. The M829A3 is a further improvement, designed to defeat any future armor protection methods, like 'Kaktus' ERA, which was seen on the now canceled prototype tank, the Object 640 "Chiorny Oriol" (Black Eagle) (sometimes falsely named the T 80UM 2). It completed type classification standard in March 2003. Very little is publicly known about the round, perhaps due to export restrictions (see International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)). The M829A3 uses a more efficient propellant, RPD 380, boosting its muzzle velocity. The M829A3 round has a total mass of and length of It uses of RPD 380 stick propellant, accelerating the sabot and depleted uranium rod penetrator assembly, and a muzzle velocity of .

The A4 (formerly E4) variant was under development by General Dynamics Ordnance & Tactical Systems and Alliant Techsystems (ATK) until ATK received a $77 million, three year contract on 11 July 2011 to develop and qualify the M829A4 Advanced Kinetic Energy (AKE) round for the U. S. Army's M1A2 SEP (System Enhancement Package) Abrams MBT. The M829A4 is a fifth generation APFSDS T cartridge using a depleted uranium penetrator with a three petal composite sabot; the penetrator includes a low drag fin with a tracer and a windshield and tip assembly. Its propellant maintains consistent muzzle velocities across operational temperatures from The new Advanced Combustible Cartridge Case is similar to previous models but has a relocated skive joint placement for better crew member safety during handling. The initial order for 2,501 M829A4 rounds in 2014 had a unit cost of $10,100 each. On 20 July 2015, Orbital ATK announced that the M829A4 had passed First Article Acceptance Testing and was entering production. On 12 October 2015, Orbital ATK announced the round had recently received type classification as the M829A4 and was awarded a full rate production contract to begin in early 2016.