List of endemic birds of the West Indies

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This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

This region is notable not just for the high number of endemic species, but for endemism in higher level taxonomic groupings too. This article is one of a series providing information about endemism among birds in the world's various zoogeographic zones. For an overview of this subject see Endemism in birds.

Common name Binomial Family Status NotesCuban kiteChondrohierax wilsoniiAccipitridae Sometimes considered a subspecies of hook billed kite. Gundlach's hawkAccipiter gundlachiAccipitridaeCuban black hawkButeogallus gundlachiiAccipitridaeZapata railCyanolimnas cerveraiRallidaeGrey fronted quail doveGeotrygon canicepsColumbidaeBlue headed quail doveStarnoenas cyanocephalaColumbidaeCuban parakeetPsittacara euopsPsittacidaeExtirpated from Isla de la JuventudBare legged owlMargarobyas lawrenciiStrigidaeCuban pygmy owlGlaucidium sijuStrigidaeCuban nightjarAntrostomus cubanensisCaprimulgidaeBee hummingbirdMellisuga helenaeTrochilidaeWorld's smallest bird. Cuban trogonPriotelus temnurusTrogonidaeCuban todyTodus multicolorTodidaeCuban green woodpeckerXiphidiopicus percussusPicidaeFernandina's flickerColaptes fernandinaePicidaeGiant kingbirdTyrannus cubensisTyrannidaeCuban martinProgne cryptoleucaHirundinidaeProbably winters somewhere in South America, though this is not confirmed. Cuban crowCorvus nasicusCorvidaeZapata wrenFerminia cerveraiTroglodytidaeCuban gnatcatcherPolioptila lembeyeiPolioptilidaeCuban solitaireMyadestes elisabethTurdidaeCuban vireoVireo gundlachiiVireonidaeYellow headed warblerTeretistris fernandinaeParulidaeOriente warblerTeretistris fornsiParulidaeCuban grassquitTiaris canorusThraupidaeZapata sparrowTorreornis inexpectataPasserellidaeRed shouldered blackbirdAgelaius assimilisIcteridaeCuban blackbirdDives atroviolaceusIcteridaeCuban orioleIcterus melanopsisIcteridae

Common name Binomial Family Status NotesHispaniolan mangoAnthracothorax dominicusTrochilidaeRidgway's hawkButeo ridgwayiAccipitridaeHispaniolan lizard cuckooCoccyzus longirostrisCuculidaeBay breasted cuckooCoccyzus rufigularisCuculidae Dominican Republic endemic. Ashy faced owlTyto glaucopsStrigidaeLeast poorwillSiphonorhis brewsteriCaprimulgidaeHispaniolan nightjarAntrostomus ekmaniCaprimulgidaeHispaniolan emeraldRiccordia swainsoniiTrochilidaeHispaniolan trogonPriotelus roseigasterTrogonidaeBroad billed todyTodus subbulatusTodidaeNarrow billed todyTodus angustirostrisTodidaeAntillean piculetNesoctites micromegasPicidaeHispaniolan woodpeckerMelanerpes striatusPicidaeHispaniolan peweeContopus hispaniolensisTyrannidaeWhite necked crowCorvus leucognaphalusCorvidaeExtirpated from Puerto Rico. Golden swallowTachycineta euchryseaHirundinidaeExtirpated from Jamaica. La Selle thrushTurdus swalesiTurdidaePalmchatDulus dominicusDulidaeFlat billed vireoVireo nanusVireonidaeGreen tailed warblerMicroligea palustrisPhaenicophilidaeWhite winged warblerXenoligea montanaPhaenicophilidaeBlack crowned palm tanagerPhaenicophilus palmarumPhaenicophilidaeGray crowned palm tanagerPhaenicophilus poliocephalusPhaenicophilidaeHispaniolan spindalisSpindalis dominicensisSpindalidaeWestern chat tanagerCalyptophilus tertiusIncertae sedisFormerly conspecific with eastern chat tanager. Eastern chat tanagerCalyptophilus frugivorusIncertae sedisFormerly conspecific with western chat tanager. Hispaniolan orioleIcterus dominicensisIcteridaeAntillean siskinSpinus dominicensisFringillidaeHispaniolan crossbillLoxia megaplagaFringillidaeWhite fronted quail doveGeotrygon leucometopiaColumbidaeDominican Republic endemic. Hispaniolan parrotAmazona ventralisPsittacidaeIntroduced to Puerto Rico. Hispaniolan parakeetPsittacara chloropterusPsittacidaeVarious feral populations exist in Puerto Rico, Guadeloupe, and Florida.

Common name Binomial Family Status NotesRing tailed pigeonPatagioenas caribaeaColumbidaeCrested quail doveGeotrygon versicolorColumbidaeYellow billed amazonAmazona collariaPsittacidaeBlack billed amazonAmazona agilisPsittacidaeJamaican lizard cuckooCoccyzus vetulaCuculidaeChestnut bellied cuckooCoccyzus pluvialisCuculidaeJamaican owlAsio grammicusStrigidaeJamaican poorwillSiphonorhis americanaCaprimulgidae Possibly extinctPossibly extinct, hasn't been definitively seen since 1860. Jamaican mangoAnthracothorax mangoTrochilidaeBlack billed streamertailTrochilus scitulusTrochilidaeRed billed streamertailTrochilus polytmusTrochilidaeJamaican todyTodus todusTodidaeJamaican woodpeckerMelanerpes radiolatusPicidaeJamaican elaeniaMyiopagis cottaTyrannidaeJamaican peweeContopus pallidusTyrannidaeSad flycatcher Myiarchus barbirostrisTyrannidaeRufous tailed flycatcherMyiarchus validusTyrannidaeJamaican becardPachyramphus nigerTyrannidaeJamaican crowCorvus jamaicensisCorvidaeWhite eyed thrushTurdus jamaicensisTurdidaeWhite chinned thrushTurdus aurantiusTurdidaeJamaican vireoVireo modestusVireonidaeBlue Mountain vireoVireo osburniVireonidaeArrow headed warblerSetophaga pharetraParulidaeJamaican euphoniaEuphonia jamaicaFringillidaeYellow shouldered grassquitLoxipasser anoxanthusFringillidaeJamaican spindalisSpindalis nigricephalaSpindalidaeOrangequitEuneornis campestrisThraupidaeJamaican blackbirdNesopsar nigerrimusIcteridaeJamaican orioleIcterus leucopteryxIcteridaeFormerly found on Grand Cayman, currently extant on San Andrés. Jamaican petrelPterodroma caribbaeaProcellariidaePossibly extinctPossibly extinct; formerly would have bred on Dominica and Guadeloupe. Last specimen collected in 1879. Surveys have been conducted, though nocturnal petrels are renowned for how hard they are to study.

Common name Binomial Family Status NotesPuerto Rican amazonAmazona vittataPsittacidaeCurrently being reintroduced to parts of the island. Puerto Rican lizard cuckooCoccyzus vieillotiCuculidaePuerto Rican owlGymnasio nudipesStrigidaePuerto Rican nightjarAntrostomus noctitherusCaprimulgidaeGreen mangoAnthracothorax viridisTrochilidaePuerto Rican emeraldRiccordia maugaeusTrochilidaePuerto Rican todyTodus mexicanusTodidaePuerto Rican woodpeckerMelanerpes portoricensisPicidaePuerto Rican flycatcherMyiarchus antillarumTyrannidaePuerto Rican vireoVireo latimeriVireonidaeAdelaide's warblerSetophaga adelaidaeParulidaeElfin woods warblerSetophaga angelaeParulidaePuerto Rican spindalisSpindalis portoricensisSpindalidaePuerto Rican tanagerNesospingus speculiferusNesospingidaePuerto Rican bullfinchMelopyrrha portoricensisThraupidaeYellow shouldered blackbirdAgelaius xanthomusIcteridaePuerto Rican orioleIcterus portoricensisIcteridae

Common name Binomial Family Status NotesSpecies endemic to the BahamasBahama woodstarNesophlox evelynaeTrochilidaeInagua woodstarNesophlox lyruraTrochilidaeBahama swallowTachycineta cyaneoviridisHirundinidaeBahama nuthatchSitta insularisSittidaePossibly extinct following Hurricane DorianBahama orioleIcterus northropiIcteridaeBahama yellowthroatGeothlypis rostrataParulidaeBahama warblerSetophaga flavescensParulidaeSpecies endemic to GrenadaGrenada doveLeptotila wellsiColumbidaeNational bird of Grenada. Species endemic to DominicaImperial parrotAmazona imperialisPsittacidaeNational bird of Dominica. Red necked amazonAmazona arausiacaPsittacidaeSpecies endemic to St. LuciaSt. Lucia amazonAmazona versicolorPsittacidaeSt. Lucia orioleIcterus laudabilisIcteridaeSemper's warblerLeucopaza semperiParulidaeAfter not being reliably reported since 1961, some have speculated that Semper's warbler is already extinct. St. Lucia warblerSetophaga delicataParulidaeSt. Lucia black finchMelanospiza richardsoniFringillidaeSpecies endemic to St. VincentSt. Vincent amazonAmazona guildingiiPsittacidaeWhistling warblerCatharopeza bishopiParulidaeSpecies endemic to GuadeloupeGuadeloupe woodpeckerMelanerpes herminieriPicidaeSpecies endemic to BarbudaBarbuda warblerSetophaga subitaParulidaeSpecies endemic to BarbadosBarbados bullfinchLoxigilla barbadensisThraupidaeSpecies endemic to MontserratMontserrat orioleIcterus oberiIcteridaeSpecies endemic to MartiniqueMartinique orioleIcterus bonanaIcteridaeSpecies endemic to San AndrésSan Andres vireoVireo caribaeusVireonidaeSpecies endemic to TrinidadTrinidad motmotMomotus bahamensisMomotidaeTrinidad piping guanPipile pipileCracidae

Common name Binomial Family Distribution Status NotesAntillean palm swiftTachornis phoenicobiaApodidaeJamaica, Cuba, and HispaniolaVervain hummingbirdMellisuga minimaTrochilidaeHispaniola and Jamaica, occasional vagrant to Puerto Rico. Plain pigeonPatagioenas inornataColumbidaeJamaica, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Hispaniola. Tawny shouldered blackbirdAgelaius humeralisIcteridaeCuba and Haiti, occasionally a vagrant to the United States. Greater Antillean elaeniaElaenia fallaxTyrannidaeHispaniola and Jamaica. Stolid flycatcherMyiarchus stolidusTyrannidaeHispaniola and Jamaica. Palm crowCorvus palmarumCorvidaeHispaniola and Cuba. Rufous throated solitaireMyadestes genibarbisTurdidaeDominica, Hispaniola, Jamaica, St. Vincent, St. Lucia, and Martinique, though the St. Vincent subspecies is sometimes classified as its own species. Bahama mockingbirdMimus gundlachiiMimidaeBahamas, Jamaica, Cuba, and Turks and Caicos. Occasional vagrant to the United States. Greater Antillean bullfinchMelopyrrha violaceaThraupidaeThe Bahamas, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Turks and Caicos. Cuban bullfinchMelopyrrha nigraThraupidaeCuba and Grand CaymanGrand Cayman subspecies sometimes considered a distinct species

Common name Binomial Family Distribution Status NotesLesser Antillean swiftChaetura martinicaApodidaeDominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent. Possible records from Nevis. Purple throated caribEulampis jugularisTrochilidaeAntigua, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Saba, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Sint Eustatius. It has occurred as a vagrant in Barbados, Barbuda, Grenada and the Virgin Islands. Blue headed hummingbirdRiccordia bicolorTrochilidaeDominica and Martinique. Grenada flycatcherMyiarchus nugatorTyrannidaeGrenada and St. Vincent and the Grenadines. Lesser Antillean flycatcherMyiarchus oberiTyrannidaeBarbuda, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Saint Kitts and Nevis, and Saint Lucia. Forest thrushTurdus lherminieriTurdidaeGrenada, Dominica, Montserrat, and Saint Lucia. The Saint Lucia population may be extinct. White breasted thrasherRamphocinclus brachyurusMimidaeSt. Lucia and Martinique. Scaly breasted thrasherAllenia fuscaMimidaeAntigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines. May be extirpated from Barbados, Barbuda, and Sint Eustatius. Brown tremblerCinclocerthia ruficaudaMimidaeSt. Kitts, Nevis, Montserrat, Guadeloupe, Dominica and St. Vincent. Extirpated from Sint Eustatius. Gray tremblerCinclocerthia gutturalisMimidaeSt. Lucia and Martinique. Plumbeous warblerSetophaga plumbeaParulidaeDominica and Guadeloupe. Lesser Antillean tanagerTangara cucullataThraupidaeSt. Vincent and Grenada. Lesser Antillean saltatorSaltator albicollisThraupidaeSaint Kitts and Nevis, Dominica, Saint Lucia, and MartiniqueLesser Antillean bullfinchLoxigilla noctisThraupidaeSaint Barth, Saint Martin, Anguilla, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Montserrat, Netherlands Antilles, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, the British Virgin Islands, and the U. S. Virgin Islands. Trinidad motmotMomotus bahamensisMomotidaeTrinidad and Tobago

Common name Binomial Family Distribution Status NotesPuerto Rican mangoAnthracothorax aurulentusTrochilidaethe Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. West Indian whistling duckDendrocygna arboreaAnatidaePrimarily in the Bahamas, though significant numbers exist in northern Hispaniola, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, and Puerto Rico. Loggerhead kingbirdTyrannus caudifasciatusTyrannidaeHispaniola, Jamaica, Cuba, Bahamas, Cayman Islands, and Puerto RicoGreater Antillean grackleQuiscalus nigerIcteridaeHispaniola, Cuba, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico. Scaly naped pigeonPatagioenas squamosaColumbidaeMost of the West Indies except for Jamaica. Key West quail doveGeotrygon chrysiaColumbidaePuerto Rico, the Bahamas, Hispaniola, and Cuba. Formerly bred on Key West, occasional vagrant to Florida. Caribbean martinProgne dominicensisHirundinidaePuerto Rico, Hispaniola, Cayman Islands, Jamaica, and almost all of the Lesser Antilles. Occasional vagrant to Turks and Caicos and Cuba. Antillean euphoniaEuphonia musicaFringillidaeHispaniola, Puerto Rico, and most of the Lesser Antilles. Lesser Antillean peweeContopus latirostrisTyrannidaePuerto Rico, Dominica, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Saint Lucia. Occasional records from Saint Kitts. Red legged thrushTurdus plumbeusTurdidaeHispaniola, Bahamas, Dominica, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Extirpated from Swan Islands. Cuban amazonAmazona leucocephalaPsittacidaeCuba, Bahamas, and Cayman Islands. West Indian woodpeckerMelanerpes superciliarisPicidaeCuba, Bahamas, and Cayman Islands. La Sagra's flycatcherMyiarchus sagraeTyrannidaeCuba, Bahamas, and Cayman Islands. Occasional vagrant to the United States. Great lizard cuckooCoccyzus merliniCuculidaeCuba and the BahamasCuban emeraldRiccordia ricordiiTrochilidaeCuba and the BahamasCuban peweeContopus caribaeusTyrannidaeCuba and the BahamasOlive capped warblerSetophaga pityophilaParulidaeCuba and the BahamasWestern spindalisSpindalis zenaSpindalidaeCozumel, Cayman Islands, Cuba, the Bahamas, and Turks and CaicosCasual vagrant to southern Florida. Bridled quail doveGeotrygon mystaceaColumbidaeThe Lesser Antilles north from Saint Lucia, as well as Puerto Rico. Green throated caribEulampis holosericeusTrochilidaeAll of the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico. Antillean crested hummingbirdOrthorhyncus cristatusTrochilidaeAll of the Lesser Antilles and Puerto Rico. Thick billed vireoVireo crassirostrisVireonidaeBahamas, Turks and Caicos Islands, Cayman Islands, Tortuga Island in Haiti and Cuba. Occasional vagrant to FloridaVitelline warblerSetophaga vitellinaParulidaeSwan Islands and Grand Cayman.

Common name Binomial Family Distribution Last Sighting NotesAntillean cave railNesotrochis debooyiRallidaeOccurred on Puerto Rico and U. S. Virgin Islands. Only known from subfossil fragments. An account from Alexander Wetmore from 1912 may refer to this bird. Cuban macawAra tricolorPsittacidaeOccurred on Cuba.1864, though may have lasted until the 1880s. Guadeloupe parakeetPsittacara labatiPsittacidaeOccurred on Guadeloupe. Presumed to have disappeared in the late 1700s. Since no physical evidence has been discovered, the existence of this species has been brought into question. Martinique amazonAmazona martinicanaPsittacidaeOccurred on Martinique.1722Since no physical evidence has been discovered, the existence of this species has been brought into question. Guadeloupe amazonAmazona violaceaPsittacidaeOccurred on Guadeloupe.1779Since no physical evidence has been discovered, the existence of this species has been brought into question. Puerto Rican barn owlTyto cavaticaTytonidaeOccurred in Puerto RicoPrehistoric. May have existed until 1912. Andros Island barn owlTyto pollensTytonidaeOccurred in the Bahamas. May have existed into the 16th century. Cuban pauraqueSiphonorhis daiquiriCaprimulgidaeOccurred in Cuba. Prehistoric. May still survive based on the fact that nightjars are notoriously hard to study. Brace's emeraldRiccordia braceiTrochilidaeOccurred in the Bahamas, on the island of New Providence. Only known from a specimen collected in 1879. Gould's emeraldRiccordia elegansTrochilidaeMost likely Jamaica or the Bahamas. Only known from the type specimen, taken in 1860. St. Kitts bullfinchMelopyrrha grandisThraupidaeOccurred on Saint Kitts. Last reliably seen in 1929. May still survive; potential sightings have been made since the 1990s. Grand Cayman thrushTurdus ravidusTurdidaeOccurred on Grand CaymanLast reliably seen in 1938.