Краткая хроника событий мировой истории

539 BC – The army of Cyrus the Great of Persia takes Babylon, ending the Babylonian empire. (Julian calendar)
633 – Battle of Hatfield Chase: King Edwin of Northumbria is defeated and killed by an alliance under Penda of Mercia and Cadwallon of Gwynedd. 1279 – The Nichiren Shōshū branch of Buddhism is founded in Japan. 1398 – In the Treaty of Salynas, Lithuania cedes Samogitia to the Teutonic Knights. 1406 – Chen Yanxiang, the only person from Indonesia known to have visited dynastic Korea, reaches Seoul after having set out from Java four months before. 1492 – Christopher Columbus's first expedition makes landfall in the Caribbean, specifically on San Salvador Island. (Julian calendar)

1654 – The Delft Explosion devastates the city in the Netherlands, killing more than 100 people. 1692 – The Salem witch trials are ended by a letter from Province of Massachusetts Bay Governor William Phips. 1748 – War of Jenkins' Ear: A British squadron wins a tactical victory over a Spanish squadron off Havana. 1773 – America's first insane asylum opens. 1792 – The first celebration of Columbus Day is held in New York City. 1793 – The cornerstone of Old East, the oldest state university building in the United States, is laid at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. 1798 – Flemish and Luxembourgish peasants launch the rebellion against French rule known as the Peasants' War. 1799 – Jeanne Geneviève Labrosse becomes the first woman to jump from a balloon with a parachute. 1810 – The citizens of Munich hold the first Oktoberfest in celebration of the marriage of Crown Prince Louis of Bavaria and Princess Therese of Saxe Hildburghausen. 1822 – Pedro I of Brazil is proclaimed the emperor. 1849 – The city of Manizales, Colombia, is founded by 'The Expedition of the 20'. 1856 – An M 7.7–8.3 earthquake off the Greek island of Crete cause major damage as far as Egypt and Malta. 1871 – The British in India enact the Criminal Tribes Act, naming many local communities "Criminal Tribes". 1890 – Uddevalla Suffrage Association is formed. 1892 – The Pledge of Allegiance is first recited by students in many US public schools.

1901 – President Theodore Roosevelt officially renames the "Executive Mansion" to the White House. 1909 – Foundation of Coritiba Foot Ball Club. 1915 – World War I: British nurse Edith Cavell is executed by a German firing squad for helping Allied soldiers escape from occupied Belgium. 1917 – World War I: The First Battle of Passchendaele takes place resulting in the largest single day loss of life in New Zealand history. 1918 – A massive forest fire kills 453 people in Minnesota. 1928 – An iron lung respirator is used for the first time at Boston Children's Hospital. 1933 – The military Alcatraz Citadel becomes the civilian Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary. 1944 – World War II: The Axis occupation of Athens comes to an end. 1945 – World War II: Desmond Doss is the first conscientious objector to receive the U. S. Medal of Honor. 1945 – The Lao Issara took control of Laos' government and reaffirmed the country's independence. 1959 – At the national congress of the American Popular Revolutionary Alliance in Peru, a group of leftist radicals are expelled from the party who later form APRA Rebelde. 1960 – Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev pounds his shoe on a desk at the United Nations to protest a Philippine assertion. 1962 – The Columbus Day Storm strikes the U. S. Pacific Northwest with record wind velocities. There was at least U. S. $230 million in damages and 46 people died. 1963 – After nearly 23 years of imprisonment, Reverend Walter Ciszek, a Jesuit missionary, was released from the Soviet Union. 1964 – The Soviet Union launches the Voskhod 1 into Earth orbit as the first spacecraft with a multi person crew, and the first flight without pressure suits. 1967 – A bomb explodes on board Cyprus Airways Flight 284 while flying over the Mediterranean Sea, killing 66. 1968 – Equatorial Guinea becomes independent from Spain. 1970 – Vietnam War: Vietnamization continues as President Richard Nixon announces that the United States will withdraw 40,000 more troops before Christmas. 1971 – The 2,500 year celebration of the Persian Empire begins. 1973 – President Nixon nominates House Minority Leader Gerald R. Ford as the successor to Vice President Spiro T. Agnew. 1976 – Indian Airlines Flight 171 crashes at Santacruz Airport in Bombay, India, killing 95. 1977 – Hua Guofeng succeeds Mao Zedong as paramount leader of China. 1979 – Typhoon Tip becomes the largest and most intense tropical cyclone ever recorded. 1983 – Japan's former Prime Minister Tanaka Kakuei is found guilty of taking a $2 million bribe from the Lockheed Corporation, and is sentenced to four years in jail. 1984 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army fail to assassinate Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and her cabinet. The bomb kills five people and wounds 31. 1988 – Two officers of the Victoria Police are gunned down execution style in the Walsh Street police shootings, Australia. 1992 – A 5.8 earthquake occurred in Cairo, Egypt. At least 510 died. 1994 – The Magellan spacecraft burns up in the atmosphere of Venus. 1994 – Iran Aseman Airlines Flight 746 crashes near Nantaz, Iran, killing all 66 people on board. 1996 – New Zealand holds its first general election under the new mixed member proportional representation system, which led to Jim Bolger's National Party forming a coalition government with Winston Peters's New Zealand First. 1997 – The Sidi Daoud massacre in Algeria kills 43 people at a fake roadblock. 1998 – Matthew Shepard, a gay student at University of Wyoming, dies five days after he was beaten outside of Laramie. 1999 – Pervez Musharraf takes power in Pakistan from Nawaz Sharif through a bloodless coup. 1999 – The former Autonomous Soviet Republic of Abkhazia declares its independence from Georgia. 2000 – The USS Cole, a US Navy destroyer, is badly damaged by two al Qaeda suicide bombers, killing 17 crew members and wounding at least 39. 2002 – Terrorists detonate bombs in two nightclubs in Kuta, Bali, Indonesia, killing 202 and wounding over 300. 2005 – The second Chinese human spaceflight, Shenzhou 6, is launched, carrying two cosmonauts in orbit for five days. 2010 – The Finnish Yle TV2 channel's Ajankohtainen kakkonen current affairs program airs controversial Homoilta episode (literally "gay night"), which leads to the resignation of almost 50,000 Finns from the Evangelical Lutheran Church. 2012 – The European Union wins the 2012 Nobel Peace Prize. 2013 – Fifty one people are killed after a truck veers off a cliff in Peru. 2017 – The United States announces its decision to withdraw from UNESCO. Israel immediately follows. 2018 – Princess Eugenie marries Jack Brooksbank at St. George's Chapel, Windsor Castle. 2019 – Typhoon Hagibis makes landfall in Japan, killing 10 and forcing the evacuation of one million people. 2019 – Eliud Kipchoge from Kenya becomes the first person to run a marathon in less than two hours with a time of 1:59:40 in Vienna. 2019 – The Hard Rock Hotel in New Orleans, which is under construction, collapses, killing two and injuring 20.

1008 – Go Ichijō, emperor of Japan (d. 1036)
1240 – Trần Thánh Tông, emperor of Vietnam (then Đại Việt) (d. 1290)
1350 – Dmitri Donskoi, Grand Duke of Moscow (d. 1389)
1490 – Bernardo Pisano, Italian composer and priest (d. 1548)
1533 – Asakura Yoshikage, Japanese ruler (d. 1573)
1537 – Edward VI, king of England (d. 1553)
1555 – Peregrine Bertie, 13th Baron Willoughby de Eresby, English diplomat (d. 1601)
1558 – Maximilian III, archduke of Austria (d. 1618)
1576 – Thomas Dudley, English American soldier and politician, 3rd Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony (d. 1653)

1602 – William Chillingworth, English scholar and theologian (d. 1644)
1614 – Henry More, English philosopher (d. 1687)
1687 – Sylvius Leopold Weiss, German lute player and composer (d. 1750)
1710 – Jonathan Trumbull, American colonel and politician, 16th Governor of Connecticut (d. 1785)
1725 – Étienne Louis Geoffroy, French pharmacist and entomologist (d. 1810)
1792 – Christian Gmelin, German chemist and pharmacist (d. 1860)
1798 – Pedro I, emperor of Brazil (d. 1834)
1801 – Friedrich Frey Herosé, Swiss lawyer and politician, 5th President of the Swiss Confederation (d. 1873)
1815 – William J. Hardee, American general (d. 1873)
1838 – George Thorn, Australian politician, 6th Premier of Queensland (d. 1905)
1840 – Helena Modjeska, Polish American actress (d. 1909)
1855 – Arthur Nikisch, Hungarian conductor and academic (d. 1922)
1860 – Elmer Ambrose Sperry, American engineer and businessman, co invented the gyrocompass (d. 1930)
1864 – Kamini Roy, British India's first female graduate, Bengali poet, social activist, and feminist writer (d. 1933)
1865 – Arthur Harden, English biochemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1940)
1866 – Ramsay MacDonald, Scottish journalist and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1937)
1868 – August Horch, German engineer and businessman, founded Audi (d. 1951)
1868 – Mariano Trías, Filipino general and politician, 1st Vice President of the Philippines (d. 1914)
1872 – Ralph Vaughan Williams, English composer and educator (d. 1958)
1874 – Jimmy Burke, American baseball player and manager (d. 1942)
1875 – Aleister Crowley, English magician and author (d. 1947)
1878 – Truxtun Hare, American football player and hammer thrower (d. 1956)
1880 – Louis Hémon, French Canadian author (d. 1913)
1880 – Kullervo Manner, Finnish Speaker of the Parliament, the Prime Minister of the FSWR and the Supreme Commander of the Red Guards (d. 1939)
1889 – Dietrich von Hildebrand, Germand Catholic philosopher and author (d. 1977)
1891 – Edith Stein, Polish nun and martyr; later canonized (d. 1942)
1891 – Fumimaro Konoe, Japanese soldier and politician, 39th Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1945)
1892 – Gilda dalla Rizza, Italian soprano and actress (d. 1975)
1893 – Velvalee Dickinson, American spy (d. 1980)
1894 – Elisabeth of Romania, queen consort of Greece (d. 1956)
1896 – Eugenio Montale, Italian poet and translator, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1981)

1601 – Nicholas Brend, English landowner (b. 1560)
1632 – Kutsuki Mototsuna, Japanese commander (b. 1549)
1646 – François de Bassompierre, French general and courtier (b. 1579)
1654 – Carel Fabritius, Dutch painter (b. 1622)
1678 – Edmund Berry Godfrey, English lawyer and judge (b. 1621)
1679 – William Gurnall, English minister, theologian, and author (b. 1617)
1685 – Christoph Ignaz Abele, Austrian lawyer and jurist (b. 1628)
1730 – Frederick IV, king of Denmark and Norway (b. 1671)
1758 – Richard Molesworth, 3rd Viscount Molesworth, Irish field marshal and politician (b. 1680)
1812 – Juan José Castelli, Argentinian lawyer and politician (b. 1764)
1828 – Ioan Nicolidi of Pindus, Aromanian physician and noble (b. 1737)
1845 – Elizabeth Fry, English prison reformer, Quaker and philanthropist (b. 1780)
1858 – Hiroshige, Japanese painter (b. 1797)
1870 – Robert E. Lee, American general (b. 1807)
1875 – Jean Baptiste Carpeaux, French sculptor and painter (b. 1827)
1896 – Christian Emil Krag Juel Vind Frijs, Danish lawyer and politician, 9th Council President of Denmark (b. 1817)
1898 – Calvin Fairbank, American minister and activist (b. 1816)

1914 – Margaret E. Knight, American inventor (b. 1838)
1915 – Edith Cavell, English nurse (b. 1865)
1923 – Bunny Lucas, English cricketer (b. 1857)
1924 – Anatole France, French journalist, novelist, and poet, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1844)
1926 – Edwin Abbott Abbott, English theologian and author (b. 1838)
1933 – John Lister, English philanthropist and politician (b. 1847)
1940 – Tom Mix, American actor, director, producer, and screenwriter (b. 1880)
1946 – Joseph Stilwell, American general (b. 1883)
1948 – Susan Sutherland Isaacs, English psychologist and psychoanalyst (b. 1885)
1954 – George Welch, American soldier and pilot (b. 1918)
1956 – Lorenzo Perosi, Italian composer and painter (b. 1872)
1957 – Arie de Jong, Indonesian Dutch linguist and physician (b. 1865)
1958 – Gordon Griffith, American actor, director, and producer (b. 1907)
1960 – Inejiro Asanuma, Japanese lawyer and politician (b. 1898)
1965 – Paul Hermann Müller, Swiss chemist and academic, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1899)
1967 – Ram Manohar Lohia, Indian activist and politician (b. 1910)
1969 – Sonja Henie, Norwegian figure skater and actress (b. 1912)
1969 – Serge Poliakoff, Russian French painter and academic (b. 1906)
1969 – Julius Saaristo, Finnish javelin thrower and soldier (b. 1891)
1970 – Feodor Stepanovich Rojankovsky, Russian American illustrator and painter (b. 1891)
1970 – Mustafa Zaidi, Pakistani poet and academic (b. 1930)
1971 – Dean Acheson, American lawyer and politician, 51st United States Secretary of State (b. 1893)
1971 – Gene Vincent, American musician (b. 1935)
1972 – Robert Le Vigan, French Argentinian actor and politician (b. 1900)
1973 – Peter Aufschnaiter, Austrian mountaineer, geographer, and cartographer (b. 1899)
1978 – Nancy Spungen, American figure of the 1970s punk rock scene (b. 1958)
1984 – Anthony Berry, English politician (b. 1925)
1985 – Johnny Olson, American radio host and game show announcer (b. 1910)
1985 – Ricky Wilson, American singer songwriter and guitarist (b. 1953)
1987 – Alf Landon, American lieutenant and politician, 26th Governor of Kansas (b. 1887)
1987 – Fahri Korutürk, Turkish commander and politician, 6th President of Turkey (b. 1903)
1988 – Ruth Manning Sanders, Welsh English poet and author (b. 1886)
1988 – Coby Whitmore, American painter and illustrator (b. 1913)
1989 – Jay Ward, American animator, producer, and screenwriter, founded Jay Ward Productions (b. 1920)
1990 – Rifaat el Mahgoub, Egyptian politician (b. 1926)
1990 – Peter Wessel Zapffe, Norwegian physician, mountaineer, and author (b. 1899)
1991 – Sheila Florance, Australian actress (b. 1916)
1991 – Arkady Strugatsky, Russian author and translator (b. 1925)
1991 – Regis Toomey, American actor (b. 1898)
1993 – Leon Ames, American actor (b. 1902)
1994 – Gérald Godin, Canadian journalist and politician (b. 1938)
1996 – René Lacoste, French tennis player and fashion designer, co founded Lacoste (b. 1904)
1996 – Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (b. 1911)
1997 – John Denver, American singer songwriter, guitarist, and actor (b. 1943)
1998 – Mario Beaulieu, Canadian lawyer and politician (b. 1930)
1998 – Matthew Shepard, American murder victim (b. 1976)
1999 – Wilt Chamberlain, American basketball player and coach (b. 1936)
1999 – Robert Marsden Hope, Australian lawyer and judge (b. 1919)
2001 – Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone, English academic and politician, Lord High Chancellor of Great Britain (b. 1907)
2001 – Hikmet Şimşek, Turkish conductor (b. 1924)
2001 – Richard Buckle, Ballet critic and writer (b. 1916)
2002 – Ray Conniff, American bandleader and composer (b. 1916)
2002 – Audrey Mestre, French biologist and diver (b. 1974)
2003 – Jim Cairns, Australian economist and politician, 4th Deputy Prime Minister of Australia (b. 1914)
2003 – Joan Kroc, American philanthropist (b. 1928)
2003 – Bill Shoemaker, American jockey (b. 1931)
2005 – C. Delores Tucker, American activist and politician (b. 1927)
2006 – Angelika Machinek, German glider pilot (b. 1956)
2006. – Eugène Martin, French race car driver (b. 1915)
2006 – Gillo Pontecorvo, Italian director and screenwriter (b. 1919)
2007 – Kisho Kurokawa, Japanese architect, designed the Nakagin Capsule Tower (b. 1934)
2008 – Karl Chircop, Maltese physician and politician (b. 1965)
2009 – Dickie Peterson American singer songwriter and bass player (b. 1948)
2009 – Frank Vandenbroucke, Belgian cyclist (b. 1974)
2010 – Austin Ardill, Northern Irish soldier and politician (b. 1917)
2010 – Woody Peoples, American football player (b. 1943)
2010 – Belva Plain, American author (b. 1919)
2011 – Patricia Breslin, American actress (b. 1931)
2011 – Dennis Ritchie, American computer scientist, created the C programming language (b. 1941)
2012 – James Coyne, Canadian lawyer and banker, 2nd Governor of the Bank of Canada (b. 1910)
2012 – Norm Grabowski, American hot rod builder and actor (b. 1933)
2012 – Sukhdev Singh Kang, Indian judge and politician, 14th Governor of Kerala (b. 1931)
2012 – Torkom Manoogian, Iraqi Armenian patriarch (b. 1919)
2012 – Erik Moseholm, Danish bassist, composer, and bandleader (b. 1930)
2012 – Břetislav Pojar, Czech animator, director, and screenwriter (b. 1923)
2013 – George Herbig, American astronomer and academic (b. 1920)
2013 – Oscar Hijuelos, American author and academic (b. 1951)
2013 – Hans Wilhelm Longva, Norwegian diplomat (b. 1942)
2013 – Malcolm Renfrew, American chemist and academic (b. 1910)
2014 – Ali Mazrui, Kenyan American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1933)
2014 – Graham Miles, English snooker player (b. 1941)
2014 – Roberto Telch, Argentinian footballer and coach (b. 1943)
2015 – Abdallah Kigoda, Tanzanian politician, 8th Tanzanian Minister of Industry and Trade (b. 1953)
2015 – Joan Leslie, American actress, dancer, and vaudevillian (b. 1925)
2017 – Margarita D'Amico, Venezuelan journalist (b. 1938)
2020 – Conchata Ferrell, American actress (b. 1943)
2020 – Roberta McCain, American socialite and oil heiress (b. 1912)
2023 – Luis Garavito, Colombian serial killer (b. 1957)