События мировой истории: от древности до XX века

33 – Heartbroken by the deaths of her sons Nero and Drusus, and banished to the island of Pandateria by Tiberius, Agrippina the Elder dies of self inflicted starvation. 320 – Pappus of Alexandria, Greek philosopher, observes an eclipse of the Sun and writes a commentary on The Great Astronomer (Almagest). 614 – King Chlothar II promulgates the Edict of Paris (Edictum Chlotacharii), a sort of Frankish Magna Carta that defends the rights of the Frankish nobles while it excludes Jews from all civil employment in the Frankish Kingdom. 629 – Dagobert I is crowned King of the Franks. 1009 – The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, a Christian church in Jerusalem, is completely destroyed by the Fatimid caliph Al Hakim bi Amr Allah, who hacks the Church's foundations down to bedrock. 1016 – The Danes defeat the English in the Battle of Assandun. 1081 – The Normans defeat the Byzantine Empire in the Battle of Dyrrhachium. 1281 – Pope Martin IV excommunicates King Peter III of Aragon for usurping the crown of Sicily (a sentence renewed on 7 May and 18 November 1282). 1356 – Basel earthquake, the most significant historic seismological event north of the Alps, destroys the town of Basel, Switzerland. 1540 – Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto's forces destroy the fortified town of Mabila in present day Alabama, killing Tuskaloosa. 1561 – In Japan the fourth Battle of Kawanakajima is fought between the forces of Uesugi Kenshin and Takeda Shingen, resulting in a draw. 1565 – Ships belonging to the Matsura clan of Japan fail to capture the Portuguese trading carrack in the Battle of Fukuda Bay, the first recorded naval battle between Japan and the West. 1597 – King Philip II of Spain sends his third and final armada against England, but it ends in failure due to storms. The remaining ships are captured or sunk by the English. 1599 – Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, defeats the Army of Andrew Báthory in the Battle of Șelimbăr, leading to the first recorded unification of the Romanian people.

1912 – First Balkan War: King Peter I of Serbia issues a declaration "To the Serbian People", as his country joins the war. 1914 – The Schoenstatt Apostolic Movement is founded in Germany. 1921 – The Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic is formed as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. 1922 – The British Broadcasting Company (later Corporation) is founded by a consortium, to establish a nationwide network of radio transmitters to provide a national broadcasting service. 1929 – The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council overrules the Supreme Court of Canada in Edwards v. Canada when it declares that women are considered "Persons" under Canadian law. 1944 – World War II: Soviet Union begins the liberation of Czechoslovakia from Nazi Germany. 1944 – World War II: The state funeral of Field Marshal Erwin Rommel takes place in Ulm, Germany. 1945 – The USSR's nuclear program receives plans for the United States plutonium bomb from Klaus Fuchs at the Los Alamos National Laboratory. 1945 – A group of the Venezuelan Armed Forces, led by Mario Vargas, Marcos Pérez Jiménez and Carlos Delgado Chalbaud, stages a coup d'état against president Isaías Medina Angarita, who is overthrown by the end of the day. 1945 – Argentine military officer and politician Juan Perón marries actress Eva Duarte. 1954 – Texas Instruments announces the Regency TR 1, the first mass produced transistor radio. 1963 – Félicette, a black and white female Parisian stray cat, becomes the first cat launched into space. 1967 – The Soviet probe Venera 4 reaches Venus and becomes the first spacecraft to measure the atmosphere of another planet. 1977 – German Autumn: A set of events revolving around the kidnapping of Hanns Martin Schleyer and the hijacking of a Lufthansa flight by the Red Army Faction (RAF) comes to an end when Schleyer is murdered and various RAF members allegedly commit suicide. 1979 – The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) begins allowing people to have home satellite earth stations without a federal government license. 1991 – The Supreme Council of Azerbaijan adopts a declaration of independence from the Soviet Union. 1992 – Merpati Nustantara Airlines Flight 5601 crashes into Mount Papandayan near the town of Garut in West Java, Indonesia, killing 31. 2003 – Bolivian gas conflict: Bolivian President Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada is forced to resign and leave Bolivia. 2007 – Karachi bombing: A suicide attack on a motorcade carrying former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto kills 139 and wounds 450 more. Bhutto herself is uninjured. 2019 – NASA Astronauts Jessica Meir and Christina Koch take part in the first all female spacewalk when they venture out of the International Space Station to replace a power controller. 2019 – Riots in Chile's capital Santiago escalate into open battles, with attacks reported at nearly all of the city's 164 Metro stations. President Sebastián Piñera later announces a 15 day state of emergency in the capital.

1127 – Emperor Go Shirakawa of Japan (d. 1192)
1130 – Zhu Xi, Chinese philosopher (d. 1200)
1405 – Pope Pius II (d. 1464)
1444 – John de Mowbray, 4th Duke of Norfolk (d. 1476)
1482 – Philipp III, Count of Hanau Lichtenberg (d. 1538)
1517 – Manuel da Nóbrega, Portuguese Brazilian priest and missionary (d. 1570)
1523 – Anna Jagiellon, daughter of Sigismund I of Poland (d. 1596)
1536 – William Lambarde, English antiquarian and politician (d. 1601)
1547 – Justus Lipsius, Belgian philologist and scholar (d. 1606)
1553 – Luca Marenzio, Italian composer (d. 1599)
1569 – Giambattista Marino, Italian poet (d. 1625)
1587 – Lady Mary Wroth, English poet (d. 1651)
1595 – Edward Winslow, American Pilgrim leader (d. 1655)

1616 – Nicholas Culpeper, English botanist (d. 1654)
1630 – Henry Powle, English politician (d. 1692)
1634 – Luca Giordano, Italian painter and illustrator (d. 1705)
1653 – Abraham van Riebeeck, South African Dutch merchant and politician, Governor General of the Dutch East Indies (d. 1713)
1662 – Matthew Henry, Welsh minister and scholar (d. 1714)
1663 – Prince Eugene of Savoy (d. 1736)
1668 – John George IV, Elector of Saxony (d. 1694)
1701 – Charles le Beau, French historian and author (d. 1778)
1706 – Baldassare Galuppi, Italian harpsichord player and composer (d. 1785)
1741 – Pierre Choderlos de Laclos, French general and author (d. 1803)
1770 – Thomas Phillips, English artist (d. 1845)
1777 – Heinrich von Kleist, German author and poet (d. 1811)
1785 – Thomas Love Peacock, English author and poet (d. 1866)
1792 – Lucas Alamán, Mexican politician and historian (d. 1853)
1804 – Mongkut, Thai king (d. 1868)
1822 – Midhat Pasha, Ottoman civil servant and politician, 238th Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1883)
1831 – Frederick III, German Emperor (d. 1888)
1836 – Frederick August Otto Schwarz, American businessman, founded FAO Schwarz (d. 1911)
1850 – Basil Hall Chamberlain, English Swiss historian, author, and academic (d. 1935)
1854 – Billy Murdoch, Australian cricketer (d. 1911)
1859 – Henri Bergson, French philosopher and theologian, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1941)
1862 – Mehmet Esat Bülkat, Ottoman general (d. 1952)
1865 – Arie de Jong, Dutch linguist and author (d. 1957)
1865 – Logan Pearsall Smith, American English author and critic (d. 1946)
1868 – Ernst Didring, Swedish author (d. 1931)
1869 – Johannes Linnankoski, Finnish author (d. 1913)
1870 – D. T. Suzuki, Japanese author and scholar (d. 1966)
1872 – Mikhail Kuzmin, Russian poet and author (d. 1936)
1873 – Ivanoe Bonomi, Italian lawyer and politician, 25th Prime Minister of Italy (d. 1951)
1875 – Len Braund, English cricketer, coach, and umpire (d. 1955)
1878 – James Truslow Adams, American historian and author (d. 1949)
1880 – Ze'ev Jabotinsky, Ukrainian Russian general, journalist, and theorist (d. 1940)
1881 – Max Gerson, German born American physician (d. 1959)
1882 – Väinö Kivisalo, Finnish politician (d. 1953)
1882 – Lucien Petit Breton, French cyclist (d. 1917)
1887 – Takashi Sakai, Japanese general and politician, Governor of Hong Kong (d. 1946)
1888 – Paul Vermoyal, French actor (d. 1925)
1893 – Sidney Holland, New Zealand lieutenant and politician, 25th Prime Minister of New Zealand (d. 1961)
1893 – George Ohsawa, Japanese philosopher and academic (d. 1966)
1894 – H. L. Davis, American author and poet (d. 1960)
1894 – Tibor Déry, Hungarian author and translator (d. 1977)
1897 – Isabel Briggs Myers, American theorist and author (d. 1980)
1898 – Lotte Lenya, Austrian singer and actress (d. 1981)

1604 – Igram van Achelen, Dutch lawyer and politician (b. 1528)
1646 – Isaac Jogues, French priest, missionary, and martyr (b. 1607)
1667 – Fasilides, Ethiopian emperor (b. 1603)
1678 – Jacob Jordaens, Belgian painter illustrator (b. 1593)
1739 – António José da Silva, Brazilian Portuguese playwright (b. 1705)
1744 – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough (b. 1660)
1770 – John Manners, Marquess of Granby, English general and politician, Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire (b. 1721)
1775 – Christian August Crusius, German philosopher and theologian (b. 1715)
1817 – Etienne Nicolas Méhul, French pianist and composer (b. 1763)
1865 – Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston, English soldier and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1784)
1871 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and engineer, invented the mechanical computer (b. 1791)
1876 – Francis Preston Blair, American journalist (b. 1791)
1886 – Philipp Franz von Siebold, German physician and botanist (b. 1796)
1889 – Antonio Meucci, Italian American engineer (b. 1808)
1892 – William W. Chapman, American lawyer and politician (b. 1808)
1893 – Charles Gounod, French composer and educator (b. 1818)

1908 – Nozu Michitsura, Japanese field marshal (b. 1840)
1911 – Alfred Binet, French psychologist and author (b. 1857)
1921 – Ludwig III of Bavaria (b. 1845)
1931 – Thomas Edison, American engineer and businessman, invented the phonograph (b. 1847)
1931 – Lesser Ury, German painter (b. 1861)
1934 – Santiago Ramón y Cajal, Spanish pathologist, histologist, and neuroscientist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1852)
1935 – Gaston Lachaise, French American sculptor (b. 1882)
1941 – Manuel Teixeira Gomes, Portuguese lawyer and politician, 7th President of Portugal (b. 1860)
1942 – Mikhail Nesterov, Russian painter (b. 1862)
1947 – Michiaki Kamada, Japanese admiral (b. 1890)
1948 – Walther von Brauchitsch, German field marshal (b. 1881)
1956 – Yoshio Markino, Japanese painter and author (b. 1869)
1959 – Boughera El Ouafi, Algerian French runner (b. 1898)
1961 – Tsuru Aoki, Japanese American actress (b. 1892)
1962 – Iván Petrovich, Serbian German actor and singer (b. 1894)
1965 – Henry Travers, Irish American actor (b. 1874)
1966 – Elizabeth Arden, Canadian American businesswoman, founded Elizabeth Arden, Inc. (b. 1878)
1966 – S. S. Kresge, American businessman, founded Kmart (b. 1867)
1969 – Gyula Mándi, Hungarian footballer and manager (b. 1899)
1973 – Margaret Caroline Anderson, American publisher, founded The Little Review (b. 1886)
1973 – Walt Kelly, American illustrator and animator (b. 1913)
1973 – Leo Strauss, German American political scientist, philosopher, and academic (b. 1899)
1975 – K. C. Douglas, American rural blues singer (b. 1913)
1975 – Al Lettieri, American actor (b. 1928)
1975 – Graham Haberfield, English actor (b. 1941)
1976 – Viswanatha Satyanarayana, Indian poet and author (b. 1895)
1977 – Andreas Baader, German militant (b. 1943)
1977 – Gudrun Ensslin, German militant leader, founded the Red Army Faction (b. 1940)
1978 – Ramón Mercader, Spanish journalist, assassin of Leon Trotsky (b. 1914)
1980 – Edwin Way Teale, American photographer and author (b. 1899)
1982 – Dwain Esper, American director and producer (b. 1892)
1982 – Pierre Mendès France, French lawyer and politician, 143rd Prime Minister of France (b. 1907)
1982 – John Robarts, Canadian lawyer and politician, 17th Premier of Ontario (b. 1917)
1982 – Bess Truman, American wife of Harry S. Truman, 40th First Lady of the United States (b. 1885)
1983 – Diego Abad de Santillán, Spanish economist and author (b. 1897)
1983 – Willie Jones, American baseball player (b. 1925)
1984 – Henri Michaux, French painter and poet (b. 1899)
1987 – Adriaan Ditvoorst, Dutch director and screenwriter (b. 1940)
2000 – Julie London, American singer and actress (b. 1926)
2000 – Gwen Verdon, American actress and dancer (b. 1925)
2003 – Preston Smith, American businessman and politician, 40th Governor of Texas (b. 1912)
2003 – Manuel Vázquez Montalbán, Spanish journalist, author, and critic (b. 1939)
2005 – Johnny Haynes, English Scottish footballer (b. 1934)
2005 – Bill King, American sportscaster (b. 1927)
2006 – Mario Francesco Pompedda, Italian cardinal (b. 1929)
2006 – Anna Russell, English Canadian singer and actress (b. 1911)
2006 – Laurie Taitt, Guyanese English hurdler (b. 1934)
2007 – Alan Coren, English journalist and author (b. 1938)
2007 – William J. Crowe, American admiral and diplomat, United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (b. 1925)
2007 – Vincent DeDomenico, American businessman, founded the Napa Valley Wine Train (b. 1915)
2007 – Lucky Dube, South African singer songwriter and keyboard player (b. 1964)
2008 – Dee Dee Warwick, American singer (b. 1945)
2009 – Adriaan Kortlandt, Dutch ethologist and biologist (b. 1918)
2009 – Nancy Spero, American painter and academic (b. 1926)
2010 – Marion Brown, American saxophonist and musicologist (b. 1931)
2010 – Billy Raimondi, American baseball player (b. 1912)
2012 – Brain Damage, American wrestler (b. 1977)
2012 – Sylvia Kristel, Dutch model and actress (b. 1952)
2012 – Slater Martin, American basketball player and coach (b. 1925)
2012 – George Mattos, American pole vaulter (b. 1929)
2012 – Albert Lee Ueltschi, American pilot and businessman, founded FlightSafety International (b. 1917)
2012 – David S. Ware, American saxophonist and composer (b. 1949)
2013 – Tom Foley, American lawyer and politician, 57th Speaker of the United States House of Representatives (b. 1929)
2013 – Bum Phillips, American football player and coach (b. 1923)
2013 – Allan Stanley, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1926)
2013 – Bill Young, American sergeant and politician (b. 1930)
2014 – Mariano Lebrón Saviñón, Dominican author and academic (b. 1922)
2014 – Edward Regan, American academic and politician (b. 1930)
2014 – Sidney Shapiro, American Chinese author and translator (b. 1915)
2015 – Robert Dickerson, Australian painter (b. 1924)
2015 – Gamal El Ghitani, Egyptian journalist and author (b. 1945)
2015 – Robert W. Farquhar, American engineer (b. 1932)
2015 – Frank Watkins, American bass player (b. 1968)
2015 – Paul West, English American author, poet, and academic (b. 1930)
2017 – Marino Perani, Italian football player and manager (b. 1939)
2018 – Lisbeth Palme, Swedish child psychologist, former chairwoman of UNICEF (b. 1931)
2018 – Abdel Rahman Swar al Dahab, 5th President of the Sudan (b. 1934)
2019 – Rui Jordão, Angolan born Portuguese footballer (b. 1952)
2020 – René Felber, 81st President of the Swiss Confederation (b. 1933)
2021 – Colin Powell, American military leader and statesman, 65th Secretary of State (b. 1937)
2022 – Harvey Wollman, American politician, 26th Governor of South Dakota (b. 1935)