Введение
Псофия – род птиц, обитающих во влажных лесах Амазонки и Гианского щита в Южной Америке. Это единственный род в семействе Psophiidae. Птицы этого рода обычно называются трубачами из-за трубного или каркающего угрожающего крика самцов. Эти три вида по размеру и внешнему виду напоминают немного более высоких и длинноногих кур; их длина составляет и вес , и они имеют сгорбленный вид. Головы у них небольшие, но глаза относительно большие, что придает им любопытный и "добродушный" вид. Оперение мягкое, напоминающее шерсть или бархат на голове и шее. Оно в основном черное, с фиолетовым, зеленым или бронзовым отливом, особенно на крыльях и нижней части шеи. У наиболее известных таксонов вторичные и третичные маховые перья белые, серые или зеленовато-черные и волосовидные, ниспадающие на нижнюю часть спины, которая окрашена в тот же цвет. Эти цвета и дали названия трем общепринятым видам. Название рода происходит от древнегреческого слова psophos, означающего "шум". Таксономия рода до сих пор не устоялась; различные таксономические системы признают от трех до шести видов (с разным количеством подвидов). Международный орнитологический комитет придерживается наиболее консервативной точки зрения. Он признает три вида, два из которых имеют по три подвида:
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Серый крылатый трубач, *Psophia crepitans*
*P. c. crepitans*
*P. c. napensis*
*P. c. ochroptera*
Светлый крылатый трубач, *Psophia leucoptera*
Темный крылатый трубач, *Psophia viridis*
*P. v. viridis*
*P. v. dextralis*
*P. v. obscura*
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Таксономия Клементса выделяет *P. v. dextralis* в отдельный подвид и добавляет английские названия подвидам:
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Серый крылатый трубач, *Psophia crepitans*
*P. c. crepitans* (gray-winged)
*P. c. napensis* (Napo)
*P. c. ochroptera* (ochre-winged)
Светлый крылатый трубач, *Psophia leucoptera*
Темный крылатый трубач, *Psophia viridis*
*P. v. viridis* (green-backed)
*P. v. dextralis* (dusky-backed)
*P. v. interjecta* (Xingu)
*P. v. obscura* (black-backed)
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
BirdLife International в своей "Справочнике птиц мира" (HBW) признает шесть видов:
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Серый крылатый трубач, *Psophia crepitans*
*P. c. crepitans*
*P. c. napensis*
Охряный крылатый трубач, *Psophia ochroptera*
Белый крылатый трубач, *Psophia leucoptera*
Зеленый крылатый трубач, *Psophia viridis*
Оливковый крылатый трубач, *Psophia dextralis*
*P. d. dextralis*
*P. d. interjecta*
Черный крылатый трубач, *Psophia obscura*
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Традиционно признавалось только три вида трубачей. Обзор 2008 года, посвященный морфологии темного крылатого трубача, привел к рекомендации разделить его на три вида. Обзор 2010 года филогенезии и биогеографии всех членов семейства предложил в общей сложности восемь видов – два в комплексе серых крылатых трубачей, два в комплексе светлых крылатых трубачей и четыре в комплексе темных крылатых трубачей.
Psophia is a genus of birds restricted to the humid forests of the Amazon and Guiana Shield in South America. It is the only genus in the family Psophiidae. Birds in the genus are commonly known as trumpeters, due to the trumpeting or cackling threat call of the males. The three species resemble slightly taller, longer legged chickens in size and appearance; they measure long and weigh and a “hunched” appearance. Their heads are small, but their eyes are relatively large, making them look inquisitive and "good natured". The plumage is soft, resembling fur or velvet on the head and neck. It is mostly black, with purple, green, or bronze iridescence, particularly on the wing coverts and the lower neck. In the best known taxa, the secondary and tertial flight feathers are white, grey, or greenish black and hairlike, falling over the lower back, which is the same colour. These colours give the three generally accepted species their names. The genus name is from the Ancient Greek psophos meaning "noise". The genus' taxonomy is far from settled; anywhere from three to six species (with varying numbers of subspecies) are recognized by different taxonomic systems. The International Ornithological Committee's treatment is the most conservative. They recognize three species, two of which have three subspecies:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
P. c. ochroptera
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis
P. v. dextralis
P. v. obscura
The Clements taxonomy splits P. v. dextralis and adds English names to the subspecies:
Gray winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans (gray winged)
P. c. napensis (Napo)
P. c. ochroptera (ochre winged)
Pale winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Dark winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
P. v. viridis (green backed)
P. v. dextralis (dusky backed)
P. v. interjecta (Xingu)
P. v. obscura (black backed)
BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) recognizes six species:
Grey winged trumpeter, Psophia crepitans
P. c. crepitans
P. c. napensis
Ochre winged trumpeter, Psophia ochroptera
White winged trumpeter, Psophia leucoptera
Green winged trumpeter, Psophia viridis
Olive winged trumpeter, Psophia dextralis
P. d. dextralis
P. d. interjecta
Black winged trumpeter, Psophia obscura
Traditionally, only three species of trumpeters have been recognised. A 2008 review, of the morphology of the dark winged trumpeter, resulted in the recommendation that it be divided into three species. A 2010 review of the phylogeny and biogeography of all members of the family resulted in a suggested total of eight species—two in the grey winged trumpeter complex, two in the pale winged trumpeter complex, and four in the dark winged trumpeter complex.
Поведение и экология
Трубачи летают слабо, но бегают быстро; они легко обгоняют собак.
Отношения с людьми
Трубачей часто используют как "сторожевых собак", поскольку они громко трубят, когда встревожены. Однако, согласно другому источнику, эта способность лишь "приписывается" им.