Примитивные типы данных в программировании

An extremely basic/core data type provided by a programming language
In computer science, primitive data types are a set of basic data types from which all other data types are constructed. Specifically it often refers to the limited set of data representations in use by a particular processor, which all compiled programs must use. Most processors support a similar set of primitive data types, although the specific representations vary. More generally, "primitive data types" may refer to the standard data types built into a programming language (built in types). Data types which are not primitive are referred to as derived or composite.

The most common primitive types are those used and supported by computer hardware, such as integers of various sizes, floating point numbers, and Boolean logical values. Operations on such types are usually quite efficient. Primitive data types which are native to the processor have a one to one correspondence with objects in the computer's memory, and operations on these types are often the fastest possible in most cases. Integer addition, for example, can be performed as a single machine instruction, and some offer specific instructions to process sequences of characters with a single instruction. But the choice of primitive data type may affect performance, for example it is faster using SIMD operations and data types to operate on an array of floats.

The set of basic C data types is similar to Java's. Minimally, there are four types, char, int, float, and double, but the qualifiers short, long, signed, and unsigned mean that C contains numerous target dependent integer and floating point primitive types. C99 extended this set by adding the boolean type Bool and allowing the modifier long to be used twice in combination with int (e. g. long long int).

In JavaScript, there are 7 primitive data types: string, number, bigint, boolean, undefined, symbol, and null. These are not objects and have no methods.

In Visual Basic NET, the primitive data types consist of 4 integral types, 2 floating point types, a 16 byte decimal type, a boolean type, a date/time type, a Unicode character type, and a Unicode string type.

A character type is a type that can represent all Unicode characters, hence must be at least 21 bits wide. Some languages such as Julia include a true 32 bit Unicode character type as primitive. Other languages such as JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and many dialects of BASIC do not have a primitive character type but instead add strings as a primitive data type, typically using the UTF 8 encoding. Strings with a length of one are normally used to represent single characters. Some languages have "character" types that are too small to represent all Unicode characters. These are more properly categorized as integer types that have been given a misleading name. For example C includes a char type, but it is defined to be the smallest addressable unit of memory, which several standards (such as POSIX) require to be 8 bits. Recent versions of these standards refer to char as a numeric type. char is also used for a 16 bit integer type in Java, but again this is not a Unicode character type. The term "string" also does not always refer to a sequence of Unicode characters, instead referring to a sequence of bytes. For example, x86 64 has "string" instructions to move, set, search, or compare a sequence of items, where an item could be 1, 2, 4, or 8 bytes long.