Криптография тарихы мен дамуы

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Books on cryptography have been published sporadically and with highly variable quality for a long time. This is despite the tempting, though superficial, paradox that secrecy is of the essence in sending confidential messages – see Kerckhoffs' principle. In contrast, the revolutions in cryptography and secure communications since the 1970s are well covered in the available literature.

An early example of a book about cryptography was a Roman work, now lost and known only by references. Many early cryptographic works were esoteric, mystical, and/or reputation promoting; cryptography being mysterious, there was much opportunity for such things. At least one work by Trithemius was banned by the Catholic Church and put on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum as being about black magic or witchcraft. Many writers claimed to have invented unbreakable ciphers. None were, though it sometimes took a long while to establish this. In the 19th century, the general standard improved somewhat (e. g., works by Auguste Kerckhoffs, Friedrich Kasiski, and Étienne Bazeries). Colonel Parker Hitt and William Friedman in the early 20th century also wrote books on cryptography. These authors, and others, mostly abandoned any mystical or magical tone.

With the invention of radio, much of military communications went wireless, allowing the possibility of enemy interception much more readily than tapping into a landline. This increased the need to protect communications. By the end of World War I, cryptography and its literature began to be officially limited. One exception was the 1931 book The American Black Chamber by Herbert Yardley, which gave some insight into American cryptologic success stories, including the Zimmermann telegram and the breaking of Japanese codes during the Washington Naval Conference.

Bertram, Linda A. / Dooble, Gunther van / et al. (Eds. ): Nomenclatura: Encyclopedia of modern Cryptography and Internet Security From AutoCrypt and Exponential Encryption to Zero Knowledge Proof Keys, 2019, Piper, Fred and Sean Murphy, Cryptography : A Very Short Introduction This book outlines the major goals, uses, methods, and developments in cryptography.

From the end of World War II until the early 1980s most aspects of modern cryptography were regarded as the special concern of governments and the military and were protected by custom and, in some cases, by statute. The most significant work to be published on cryptography in this period is undoubtedly David Kahn's The Codebreakers, which was published at a time (mid 1960s) when virtually no information on the modern practice of cryptography was available. Kahn has said that over ninety percent of its content was previously unpublished. The book caused serious concern at the NSA despite its lack of coverage of specific modern cryptographic practice, so much so that after failing to prevent the book being published, NSA staff were informed to not even acknowledge the existence of the book if asked. In the US military, mere possession of a copy by cryptographic personnel was grounds for some considerable suspicion. Perhaps the single greatest importance of the book was the impact it had on the next generation of cryptographers. Whitfield Diffie has made comments in interviews about the effect it had on him.

Bamford, James, The Puzzle Palace: A Report on America's Most Secret Agency (1982) , and the more recent Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra Secret National Security Agency (2001). The first is one of a very few books about the US Government's NSA. The second is also about NSA but concentrates more on its history. There is some very interesting material in Body of Secrets about US attempts (the TICOM mission) to investigate German cryptographic efforts immediately as WW II wound down. Gustave Bertrand, Enigma ou la plus grande énigme de la guerre 1939–1945 (Enigma: the Greatest Enigma of the War of 1939–1945), Paris, 1973. The first public disclosure in the West of the breaking of Enigma, by the chief of French military cryptography prior to WW II. The first public disclosure anywhere was made in the first edition of Bitwa o tajemnice by the late Władysław Kozaczuk. James Gannon, Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century, Washington, D. C., Brassey's, 2001: an overview of major 20th century episodes in cryptology and espionage, particularly strong regarding the misappropriation of credit for conspicuous achievements. Kahn, David – The Codebreakers (1967) A single volume source for cryptographic history, at least for events up to the mid '60s (i. e., to just before DES and the public release of asymmetric key cryptography). The added chapter on more recent developments (in the most recent edition) is quite thin. Kahn has written other books and articles on cryptography, and on cryptographic history. They are very highly regarded. Kozaczuk, Władysław, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken, and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War II, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, 1984: a history of cryptological efforts against Enigma, concentrating on the contributions of Polish mathematicians Marian Rejewski, Jerzy Różycki and Henryk Zygalski; of particular interest to specialists will be several technical appendices by Rejewski. Levy, Steven – Crypto: How the Code Rebels Beat the Government—Saving Privacy in the Digital Age (2001) : a journalistic overview of the development of public cryptographic techniques and the US regulatory context for cryptography. This is an account of a major policy conflict. Singh, Simon, The Code Book : an anecdotal introduction to the history of cryptography. Covers more recent material than does even the revised edition of Kahn's The Codebreakers. Clearly written and quite readable. The included cryptanalytic contest has been won and the prize awarded, but the cyphertexts are still worth attempting. Bauer, F L, Decrypted Secrets, This book is unusual. It is both a history of cryptography, and a discussion of mathematical topics related to cryptography. In his review, David Kahn said he thought it the best book he'd read on the subject. It is essentially two books, in more or less alternating chapters. Originally in German, and the translation shows it in places. Some surprising content, e. g., in the discussion of President Edgar Hoover's Secretary of State, Henry Stimson. Budiansky, Stephen, Battle of Wits: a one volume history of cryptography in WW II. It is well written, well researched, and responsible. Technical material (e. g., a description of the cryptanalysis of Enigma) is limited, but clearly presented. Budiansky, Stephen, Code Warriors: NSA's Codebreakers and the Secret Intelligence War Against the Soviet Union (Knopf, 2016). : A sweeping, in depth history of NSA, whose famous “cult of silence” has left the agency shrouded in mystery for decades. Prados, John – Combined Fleet Decoded, An account of cryptography in the Pacific Theatre of World War II with special emphasis on the Japanese side. Reflects extensive research in Japanese sources and recently available US material. Contains material not previously accessible or unavailable. Marks, Leo, Between Silk and Cyanide: a Codemaker's Story, 1941–1945, (HarperCollins, 1998). A humorous but informative account of code making and breaking in Britain's WWII Special Operations Executive. Mundy, Liza, Code Girls, (Hachette Books, 2017) An account of some of the thousands of women recruited for U. S. cryptologic work before and during World War II, including top analysts such as Elizebeth Smith Friedman and Agnes Meyer Driscoll, lesser known but outstanding contributors like Genevieve Grotjan Feinstein and Ann Zeilinger Caracristi, and many others, and how the women made a strategic difference in the war. Yardley, Herbert, The American Black Chamber , a classic 1931 account of American code breaking during and after World War I; and Chinese Black Chamber: An Adventure in Espionage , about Yardley's work with the Chinese government in the years just before World War II. Yardley has an enduring reputation for embellishment, and some of the material in these books is less than reliable. The American Black Chamber was written after the New York operation Yardley ran was shut down by Secretary of State Henry L. Stimson and the US Army, on the grounds that "gentlemen don't read each other's mail".

Neal Stephenson – Cryptonomicon (1999) The adventures of some World War II codebreakers and their modern day progeny. Edgar Allan Poe – "The Gold Bug" (1843) An eccentric man discovers an ancient parchment which contains a cryptogram which, when solved, leads to the discovery of buried treasure. Includes a lengthy discourse on a method of solving a simple cypher. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle – The Dancing Men. Holmes becomes involved in a case which features messages left lying around. They are written in a substitution cypher, which Holmes promptly discerns. Solving the cypher leads to solving the case. Ken Follett – The Key to Rebecca (1980), World War II spy novel whose plot revolves around the heroes' efforts to cryptanalyze a book cipher with time running out. Clifford B. Hicks – Alvin's Secret Code (1963), a children's novel which introduces some basics of cryptography and cryptanalysis. Robert Harris – Enigma (1995) Novel partly set in Britain's World War II codebreaking centre at Bletchley Park. Ari Juels – Tetraktys (2009) Pits a classicist turned cryptographer against an ancient Pythagorean cult. Written by RSA Labs chief scientist. Dan Brown Digital Fortress (1998), a thriller takes a plunge into the NSA's cryptology wing giving the readers a modern and technology oriented view of the codebreaking in vogue. Max Hernandez Thieves Emporium (2013), a novel that examines how the world will change if cryptography makes fully bi directional anonymous communications possible. A technically accurate document, it shows the effects of crypto from the citizen's standpoint rather than the NSA. Barry Eisler, Fault Line (2009) A thriller about a race to nab software (of the cryptovirology type) which is capable of shutting down cyberspace.