Жаңа Гэмпшир Университеті: Тарихы мен дамуы

Public university in Durham, New Hampshire, US

The University of New Hampshire (UNH) is a public land grant research university with its main campus in Durham, New Hampshire. It was founded and incorporated in 1866 as a land grant college in Hanover and moved to Durham in 1893, and adopted its current name in 1923. The university's Durham campus comprises six colleges. A seventh college, the University of New Hampshire at Manchester, occupies the university's campus in Manchester. The University of New Hampshire School of Law is in Concord, the state's capital. The university is part of the University System of New Hampshire and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity".

The Morrill Act of 1862 granted federal lands to New Hampshire for the establishment of an agricultural mechanical college. In 1866, the university was first incorporated as the New Hampshire College of Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts in Hanover, New Hampshire, in association with Dartmouth College. The institution was officially associated with Dartmouth College and was directed by Dartmouth's president. Durham resident Benjamin Thompson left his farm and assets to the state for the establishment of an agricultural college. On January 30, 1890, Benjamin Thompson died and his will became public. On March 5, 1891, Governor Hiram A. Tuttle signed an act accepting the conditions of Thompson's will. On April 10, 1891, Governor Tuttle signed a bill authorizing the college's move to Durham, New Hampshire. In 1892, the Board of Trustees hired Charles Eliot to draw a site plan for the first five campus buildings: Thompson, Conant, Nesmith, and Hewitt Shops (now called Halls) and the Dairy Barn. Eliot visited Durham and worked for three months to create a plan prior to the move to Durham. The Class of 1892, excited about the pending move to Durham, held commencement exercises in an unfinished barn on the Durham campus. On April 18, 1892, the Board of Trustees voted to "authorize the faculty to make all the arrangements for the packing and removal of college property at Hanover to Durham." The Class of 1893, followed the previous class and held commencement exercises in unfinished Thompson Hall, the Romanesque Revival campus centerpiece designed by the prominent Concord architectural firm of Dow & Randlett. In fall 1893, classes officially began in Durham with 51 freshmen and 13 upperclassmen, which was three times the projected enrollment. Graduate study was also established in fall 1893 for the first time. The number of students and the lack of state funds for dormitories caused a housing crunch and forced students to find housing in town. The lack of housing caused difficulty for attracting women to the university. In 1908, construction on Smith Hall, the first women's dorm, was completed using private and state funds. Prior to the construction of Fairchild Hall in 1915 for male students, 50 freshmen lived in the basement of DeMerritt Hall. With the continuing housing shortage for men, the administration encouraged the growth of the UNH Greek system. From the late 1910s through the 1930s, the fraternity system expanded and provided room and board for male students. In 1919 supervising architect Eric T. Huddleston prepared a master plan for the campus which guided development of the school for the next thirty years. As supervising architect Huddleston is credited with the design of over a dozen campus buildings. In 1923, Governor Fred H. Brown signed a bill changing the name of the college to University of New Hampshire. The university was incorporated on July 1, 1923. In the spring of 2015, the university was given $4 million from the estate of Robert Morin, who had been a librarian at the university for almost 50 years. Having lived a frugal and secluded life, he allowed for his life's savings to be given to the university without restraint. In 2016, the news that the university was spending $1 million on a new video screen for the football stadium provoked criticism, both on and off campus. Critics thought that the difference between that amount and the $100,000 the university transferred to the library was inappropriate.

Admission to UNH is rated as "selective" by U. S. News & World Report. UNH received 18,040 applications for admission to the Fall 2019 incoming freshman class; 15,159 were admitted (an acceptance rate of 84.0%), and 2,731 enrolled. The middle 50% range of enrolled freshmen SAT scores was 1080 1260 for the composite, 540 640 for evidence based reading and writing, and 530 630 for math, while the ACT composite middle 50% range was 22–28. The University of New Hampshire is accredited by the New England Commission of Higher Education. In 2012, the Department of Education ranked the University of New Hampshire as having the sixth most expensive in state tuition for a public four year college. The University of New Hampshire ranks lowest in the country for the amount of subsidy it receives from the state. Money magazine ranked the University of New Hampshire 117th out of 744 in its "Best Colleges For Your Money 2019" report.

The university is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity". According to the National Science Foundation, UNH spent $146 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 137th in the nation.

Students and staff, mainly belonging to majors of Electrical Engineering, Computer Engineering, and Computer Science students work at the UNH InterOperability Laboratory, which tests networking and data communication devices and products. The UNH IOL interviews and accepts applications from students of all majors and varying backgrounds of job experience and expertise. More than 100 graduate and undergraduate student employees work with full time UNH IOL staff, gaining hands on experience with developing technologies and products. The companies and organizations that work with the UNH IOL benefit from cost effective testing services, as well as the opportunity to recruit future engineers from the UNH IOL workforce.

The Carsey School of Public Policy at the University of New Hampshire conducts policy research on vulnerable children, youth, and families and on sustainable community development. They give policy makers and practitioners the timely, independent resources they need to effect change in their communities.

State Students Percentage New Hampshire 5,919 47% Massachusetts 3,643 27.94% Connecticut 778 5.96% Maine 470 3.6% New York 439 3.37% New Jersey 276 2.12% Rhode Island 271 2.08% Vermont 203 1.56% Pennsylvania 93 .71% Maryland 52 .4%

The university has about 250 student organizations grouped by academics and careers, community service, political and world affairs, arts and entertainment, culture and language, fraternities and sororities, hall councils, honor societies, leisure and recreation, media and publications, religious, special interest, and student activism. The use and control of the Student Activity Fee are given by the University System of New Hampshire Board of Trustees to the Student Senate, and one of its subcommittees, the Student Activity Fee Committee (SAFC).

The Student Senate of the University of New Hampshire is the on campus, undergraduate student government. The Student Senate controls the use of its own student activity fee, and directly governs student organizations that receive a regular, annual budget from it. The Student Senate also formulates student stances on university policy, and attempts to lobby its position to administrators and the local and state government. According to its Constitution, the Student Senate "[serves] as an advocate for all undergraduate students, deriving its power from the consent of the governed and developed on the principle that all undergraduate students of the University of New Hampshire have the right to participate in its governance. Such participation encourages the development of student expertise in University affairs and places significant responsibility on students for their involvement with the policies, rules, and regulations which affect the quality of education and the experience of students at the University of New Hampshire." The Graduate Student Senate (GSS) represents all graduate students at UNH, with senators elected from all colleges (College of Engineering & Physical Sciences, College of Liberal Arts, College of Life Sciences & Agriculture, College of Health & Human Sciences, Paul College of Business & Economics) as well as from the Graduate School and graduate housing. The executive committee, composed of 6 7 members, includes a President, Vice President, Communications Officer, Financial Affairs Officer, External Affairs Officer, and Community Coordinator, with the most recent Past President serving at the discretion of the current President.

Approximately 15% of undergraduate students are affiliated with fraternities and sororities recognized by the university. The Office of Student Involvement and Leadership, the Inter fraternity Council (IFC) and Panhellenic Council (Panhel) oversee the 13 recognized social fraternities and eight recognized social sororities. Many of the fraternities and sororities have houses on Madbury Road and Strafford Avenue in Durham. These houses are not owned by or on university property. In addition, several unrecognized fraternities continue their operations despite derecognition from the university. The school's first fraternity was Zeta Epsilon Zeta, which was established in 1894. In March 1917, it became a chapter of Sigma Alpha Epsilon.

According to College Factual's 2021 Diversity Report 9,849 undergraduates were white, 419 Hispanic, 339 Asian, 255 multi ethnic, 125 Black or African American, and 1 pacific Islander. The race of an additional 542 was unknown and 417 international students were not counted in the survey. Among graduate students, 1,031 were white, 35 Hispanic, 26 Black or African American, 24 Asian, 15 multi ethnic, and 1 pacific islander. The races of 41 graduate students were unknown and an additional 277 were international and not counted in the survey.

The student led Diversity Support Coalition (DSC) aims to offer resources to groups "affected by institutionalized oppression based on race, ethnicity, sexual orientation, sex, gender identity and expression, age, ability, native language, national origin, and/or religion at UNH." Multiple organizations on campus are focused on providing women in professional fields access to relational and ideational resources promoting success. Women focused groups on campus include Her Campus, UNH Data Driven Women, Women in Business, the Society of Woman Engineers, and Women in Science.

The school's athletic teams are the Wildcats, and they compete in the NCAA Division I. New Hampshire is a member of the America East Conference for basketball, cross country, track and field, soccer, swimming & diving and tennis; and women's lacrosse, crew, field hockey, and volleyball. The women's gymnastics program competes in the Eastern Atlantic Gymnastics League at the Division I level. They also compete in Hockey East in men's and women's ice hockey, Eastern Collegiate Ski Association for skiing, as well as the Coastal Athletic Association for football at the Football Championship Subdivision (FCS, formerly known as Division I AA) level. The university's colors are white and blue, and its mascots are two wildcats known popularly around campus as Wild E. Cat and Gnarlz. The introduction of a wildcat as a mascot came in 1926; it has had a plethora of different names and even forms throughout the campus' history. In 2000 Wild E. Cat was introduced, followed by Gnarlz in 2008. In addition to varsity athletics, the university offers many club sports through the Department of Campus Recreation, including aikido, archery, baseball, crew, cycling, dance, fencing, figure skating, golf, men's lacrosse, Nordic skiing, rugby, sailing, softball, tennis, taekwondo, men and women's ultimate Frisbee, wrestling, and the Woodsmen Club. The recognized fight song of UNH is "On to Victory", the most current version of which was arranged by Tom Keck, Director of Athletic Bands from 1998 to 2003. In 2003, "UNH Cheer" (originally titled "Cheer Boys") was resurrected from the university archives by Erika Svanoe, Director of Athletic Bands from 2003 to 2006.

The University of New Hampshire is located in the town of Durham, a rural small town on the Amtrak line to Boston. The Durham campus is , with in the "campus core" and of open land on the west edge of campus. The campus core is considered to be the university property within a 10 minute walk from Thompson Hall, the symbolic and near geographic center of campus. The campus core contains many of the academic and residential buildings, while the outer campus contains much of the agriculture land and buildings. The university owns a total of of land. For the 2020–2021 school year, in order to go on campus students were required to self test twice weekly to enter campus buildings and use the university's buses.

As of 2006, the university housed 55% of all undergraduate students. Beginning with the Fall 2023 semester, first year and transfer students under the age of 21 are required to spend at least 4 semesters in on campus housing. Exemptions must be approved by UNH Housing. Previously in the fall 2020 semester about 96% of incoming freshmen chose to live on campus, and over 70% of returning sophomores did as well. Several of the university's dormitories have specific themes, including a substance free dormitory, an international dormitory, and several first year only dormitories. In addition, many buildings have designated quiet floors for study. Stoke Hall is the largest residence building on campus. It houses over 700 undergraduate students. In 2015, UNH installed life saving automated external defibrillators in two fraternity houses.

As of March 2015, University of New Hampshire at Manchester is located in the Pandora Mill at 88 Commercial Street, on the banks of the Merrimack River in Manchester's historic Amoskeag Millyard. The move to 88 Commercial Street increased the physical plant of the college by almost 50%, as from 2001 to 2014 the school was located in the University Center building at 400 Commercial Street.

The University of New Hampshire Franklin Pierce School of Law is a located in Concord, New Hampshire. It was founded in 1973 by Robert H. Rines as the Franklin Pierce Law Center, and operated independently until 2010, when it was formally incorporated to be a part of the University of New Hampshire.

Conant Hall was dedicated as a National Historical Chemical Landmark—the first in New Hampshire. Conant Hall was the first chemistry building on the Durham campus, and it was the headquarters of the American Chemical Society from 1907 to 1911, when Charles Parsons was the society's secretary. In addition, from 1906 to 1928, the hall housed the laboratories of Charles James, who was an innovative developer of separation and analytical methods for compounds of rare earth elements.

Notable alumni of the University of New Hampshire include world renowned author John Irving (B. A. 1965), National Book Award winning author Alice McDermott (M. A. 1978), filmmaker Jennifer Lee (B. A. 1992), television producer Marcy Carsey (B. A. 1966), actor and comedian Mike O'Malley (B. A. 1988), and several former governors of the state of New Hampshire, including John Lynch, the 80th governor of the state from 2005 2013. Joan Ferrini Mundy is the current president of the University of Maine.