Радиобайланыстағы «PAN PAN» сигналды хабарламасы

Distress signal used in radiotelephone communications

The radiotelephony message PAN PAN is the international standard urgency signal that someone aboard a boat, ship, aircraft, or other vehicle uses to declare that they need help and that the situation is urgent, but for the time being, does not pose an immediate danger to anyone's life or to the vessel itself. This is referred to as a state of "urgency". This is distinct from a mayday call (distress signal), which means that there is imminent danger to life or to the continued viability of the vessel itself. Radioing "pan pan" informs potential rescuers (including emergency services and other craft in the area) that an urgent problem exists, whereas "mayday" calls on them to drop all other activities and immediately begin a rescue. The exact representation of PAN in Morse code is the urgency signal XXX, which was first defined by the International Radiotelegraph Convention of 1927.

As with "mayday" (from venez m'aider, "come help me"), the urgency signal pan pan derives from French. In French, a panne pan is a breakdown, such as a mechanical failure. In English, it is sometimes pronounced as /p//ɑː//n/ PAHN and sometimes as /p//æ//n/ PAN. A three letter backronym, "possible assistance needed" or "pay attention now" derives from pan. Maritime and aeronautical radio communications courses use those as mnemonics to convey the important difference between mayday and pan pan.

To declare pan pan correctly, the caller repeats it three times: "Pan pan, pan pan, pan pan," then states the intended recipient, either "all stations, all stations, all stations," or a specific station, e. g. "Victoria Coast Guard Radio, Victoria Coast Guard Radio, Victoria Coast Guard Radio." Then the caller states their craft's identification, position, nature of the problem, and the type of assistance or advice they require, if any.

One special case of "pan pan" is to ask for medical advice. This is a normal "pan pan" call that includes a phrase such as "request medical advice" and the craft identification, position, and nature of the medical problem. It should not be confused with the term "PAN PAN MEDICAL" which is reserved for medical transports. Once patched through, a physician or other medical expert on land or in another vessel typically asks the radio operator to detail the symptoms and history of the condition, and provide any available patient medical history. The physician typically recommends first aid treatment and gives other advice based on what resources are available on board. In some cases, the medical issue may be urgent enough to escalate the pan pan to a mayday call for immediate intervention by rescuers, if possible.

Examples of the correct use of a "pan pan" call from a boat or ship may include the following cases, provided the skipper or master remains confident they can handle the situation, and that there is no current danger to the life of any person or to the safety of the vessel. Once the urgent situation that led to the pan pan broadcast is resolved or contended with, conventional practice is for the station that initiated the pan pan call to make a followup broadcast to all stations, declaring that the urgent situation no longer exists. A call that originates as a "pan pan" signal might be followed by a Mayday distress signal if the situation deteriorates to the point of "grave and imminent danger," thus warranting immediate action (intervention, assistance, response) on the part of listeners in accordance with standard operating practices for distress signaling. Fouled propeller, engine failure or out of fuel Provided the vessel is now either anchored or under sail and safe from any immediate danger of collision or stranding. The crew may plan to clear the propeller, refuel from an onboard supply, hoist sail, or use alternative propulsion. Alternatively, as part of the pan pan call, the skipper may request a tow from a suitable vessel, if possible, but without immediate urgency. Small fire on board – now extinguished Fire is dangerous afloat, but if it was small and contained, and is now certainly put out, and with no injury to people, then a "pan pan" call is appropriate to warn others that investigations are underway to establish the extent of the damage, clear the smoke from below, and re establish passage as soon as possible. Unsure of position Provided there is no apparent danger of stranding or hitting rocks, a pan pan call on marine VHF radio may allow nearby coast stations, and perhaps other vessels, to triangulate the source of the transmissions and provide a fix and perhaps offer advice on the best course to safety. Man overboard recovery In a man overboard situation, a pan pan call on VHF makes other nearby vessels aware of the situation and ensures that they keep a lookout, avoid coming too close, avoid excessive wake or otherwise interfering. It also alerts them that the recovery vessel is manoeuvring for urgent life saving, and therefore may not manoeuvre in accordance with International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGS). In a more critical situationthe recovery vessel has lost sight of the person overboard, the person overboard is unconscious, there is a danger of hypothermia, or other grave risk to lifea mayday call is more appropriate, so that other nearby vessels can help rather than keep clear. Overdue vessel The Canadian and U. S. Coast Guards (and likely similar maritime safety agencies in other countries) issue "urgent marine information broadcasts" concerning vessels reported overdue, as part of the process of a 'communications search' or 'pre com' phase of uncertain, possible distress, as determined under the authority of a maritime rescue co ordination centre or joint maritime aeronautical rescue co ordination centre. The message content, a description of the vessel under the apprehension of being missing, its last known position, the date or time last heard from, and the supposed route or passage plan of the vessel, is preceded by the procedure words pan pan and is addressed to "all stations." Any stations having information concerning the whereabouts of the named vessel are asked to communicate with and report same to the nearest coast guard station. Imminent collision alert A pan pan call is warranted to attempt urgent radio contact with an approaching vessel that may be in danger or is approaching a dangerous close quarters situation that would risk collision. This would be a 'bridge to bridge' communication, and could be combined with five or more short horn or whistle blasts, which is the "Your intentions are unclear or not understood" signal. A short blast is one second long, compared to a prolonged blast of four to six seconds under the COLREGS. An urgent warning could also be given over the radio, for example, if the called vessel appears unaware that it is at risk of striking a person in a small boat or a swimmer. A loud hailer could also be used along with a radio warning. Medical assistance Any immediate risk to life makes a "mayday" call more appropriate. If the vessel is heading to shore and wants an ambulance crew at the dock, the local Coast Guard station can arrange this. A physician or other trained medical advisor may also be available on the radio, perhaps by patching through via telephone from ashore or from a nearby vessel. The UK Radiocommunications Authority at one time promulgated a "pan pan medico" call for cases where someone needed medical help at sea. However, this was never an international procedure word and is not part of the ITU Radio Regulations or related international standards (e. g. International Maritime Organization or ICAO procedures). Marine rescue organisations, such as Coastal Patrol, Coast Guard, and Search and Rescue listen on marine radio frequencies for all distress calls including "pan pan". These organisations can coordinate or assist and can relay such calls to other stations that may be better able to do so.