Лондон қаласының Хейс ауданының тарихы мен географиясы

Hayes is a suburban area of southeast London, England and part of the London Borough of Bromley. It is located south east of Charing Cross, to the north of Keston and Coney Hall, west of Bromley Common, south of Bromley town centre, and east of West Wickham. An ancient parish in the county of Kent, Hayes was within the Orpington Urban District that became part of Greater London in 1965.

The name Hayes is recorded from 1177 as hoese from the Anglo Saxon meaning "a settlement in open land overgrown with shrubs and rough bushes". It formed an ancient, and later civil, parish of Kent of around The village stood at the junction of Hayes Lane, leading north to Bromley (one mile distant), and what is now known as Pickhurst Lane, leading west to West Wickham; the centre of the old village is now called Hayes Street. The village school was here, as is the parish church of St Mary the Virgin. Parts of the church date back to the thirteenth century, however it was subject to heavy restorations by George Gilbert Scott and John Oldrid Scott in the 19th century. The village's public house, also on Hayes Street, is called "The George" (first recorded 1759).) Hayes Street Farm, still shown on modern maps, is to the north of the village centre. Both William Pitt the Elder, 1st Earl of Chatham (1708–1778), and William Pitt the Younger (1759–1806) lived at Hayes Place. The house, which dated back to the 15th century, was demolished in 1933 by the developer Henry Boot and the site redeveloped, but its occupants are remembered in such road names as Chatham and Pittsmead Avenues. Development was aided when the branch railway from Elmers End, originally known as the West Wickham and Hayes Railway, was opened on 29 May 1882. Between 1801, when the population was just 382, and 1921, it had almost tripled to 1,010.

Throughout the 20th century, the Hayes village area continued to grow and thrive. Further commercial development occurred on Station Approach because the increased traffic through the railway terminus created an incentive for growth. it lies along George Lane, which was further expanded at around the same time to facilitate further suburban housing developments. To cope with the increase in commuter traffic, the station was rebuilt in 1935, and Station Approach became the main shopping area, including a Post Office, petrol station, two mini supermarkets and numerous small shops. It also contains a public house called The New Inn. During the Second World War an anti aircraft gun battery was locally based on Hayes Common, and the soldiers of the 1st Canadian Division who manned it were barracked in local homes. Grandfields Nursery on West Common Road was hit by a V 2 rocket in the late afternoon of 9 February 1945, killing four people, including three members of the Grandfield family. Our Lady of the Rosary Catholic Church was later built on the site. Much of the area to the west and north west of the original village has been taken over by suburbia. West Wickham and Bromley are completely joined with Hayes; and Coney Hall estate, beyond the Orpington Croydon road is also part of the pattern. To the east and south, however, the open space of Hayes Common precludes building of any kind. The old village area along Hayes Street, also known as 'Old Hayes', today contains some small shops, though the local post office closed in 2004 (the nearest is now in the main shopping area near the station). The timbered cottage on the eastern side of Hayes Street was originally the village bakery, then it became a newsagents called "The Walnut Tree", until 2006, when it changed to residential use. The former village school remains a second village hall; the local primary school in George Lane has expanded in size in recent years, and now has three class groups in each year. It is extremely popular, and many of its pupils go on to Hayes School in West Common Road. The shopping area in Old Hayes functions as a second hub for commercial businesses, running along Hayes street opposite the church building. It consists of the public house, "The George", a mini market, several hairdressers, a cycle shop, two coffee shops and a fish and chip shop. Next to the church is the village public library, part of the Bromley Borough Libraries Service, occupying the old rectory building (since replaced by the new rectory). The library is surrounded by the library gardens, a small area of parkland containing tennis courts. On the north side of the church is Hayes Village Hall, built in 1927 by Hayes Community Council. This was led by Canon Thompson. It remains a hub of Village life. Hayes Street Farm continues to play an important role in the village setting. Several public pathways and popular walking routes run through the farmland, and regular car boot sales are hosted on the farm fields. There is a group called Hayes Village Association (HVA) which meet regularly to inform people about local issues. They regularly liaise with Bromley Council on planning matters and they give a voice to residents and businesses on a variety of issues. HVA produce a quarterly magazine with local interest articles and events, as well as details of businesses in the locality.

Hayes railway station is the terminus for Hayes line services operated by Southeastern to and from London Charing Cross and London Cannon Street stations. In 2022 the direct line from Hayes to Cannon Street was withdrawn.

Hayes is served by Transport for London bus routes 119 (24 hour service), 138, 146, 246, 314, 353 and 638. These connect Hayes with areas including Bromley, Croydon (for trains to Gatwick Airport and Brighton), Eltham, New Addington, Orpington, West Wickham & Westerham.

Vicary Gibbs (1751 1820) judge and politician, buried at St Mary the Virgin churchyard. Christopher Greener (1943 2015) actor and basketball player, lived for much of his life in Hayes. Everard Hambro (1842 1925) banker and philanthropist, lived at Hayes Place. Thomas John Hussey (1792 1866) local clergyman and astronomer, thought to be first person to suggest the existence of Neptune. John Ferguson McLennan (1827 1881) advocate, social anthropologist and ethnologist, died in Hayes. William Pitt the Elder (1708 1778) British Prime Minister, lived at Hayes Place. William Pitt the Younger (1759 1806) British Prime Minister, born and grew up at Hayes Place.