Гарвард Университетінің Бақылау Кеңесі

Governing board of Harvard University
The Harvard Board of Overseers (more formally The Honorable and Reverend the Board of Overseers) is one of Harvard University's two governing boards. Although its function is more consultative and less hands on than the President and Fellows of Harvard College, the Board of Overseers is sometimes referred to as the "senior" governing board because its 1642 formation predates the Fellows' 1650 incorporation. Unlike the Harvard Corporation, the Board of Overseers is not a fiduciary governing board, but instead "has the power of consent to certain actions of the Corporation."

Today, there are 30 overseers, all directly elected by alumni, with the president and the treasurer of Harvard serving as ex officio members of the board. Each year, Harvard alumni elect five new overseers to serve six year terms. Overseer candidates are nominated by the Harvard Alumni Association (HAA), and those not nominated by the HAA (petition candidates) must gather signatures from Harvard alumni to appear on the ballot. According to the Harvard website, the Board of Overseers complements the work of the President and Fellows of Harvard College:Drawing on the wide ranging experience and expertise of its members, the Board exerts broad influence over the University’s strategic directions, provides counsel to the University leadership on priorities and plans, and has the power of consent to certain actions of the Corporation. The Board’s chief functions include superintendence of the visitation process, the principal mechanism for periodic external review of the quality and direction of the University’s schools, departments, and selected other programs and activities. The Board carries out this responsibility largely through the operation of more than fifty visiting committees, whose work is overseen by and reported to the Board.

Originally the overseers were self perpetuating, and included, ex officio, the public officials and Puritan clergy of Cambridge and the neighboring towns, hence the "honorable and reverend" of the title. From 1851 to 1865, the fellows were appointed by the Massachusetts Legislature. Ambassador Joseph P. Kennedy Sr. quipped famously of the election of John F. Kennedy, his son, to the board in 1957: "Now I know his religion won't keep him out of the White House. If an Irish Catholic can get elected as an Overseer at Harvard, he can get elected to anything."

In the late 1980s, a group calling for a withdrawal of Harvard's investments in apartheid South Africa helped nominate petition candidates for overseer elections. Known as the Harvard Radcliffe Alumni Against Apartheid (HRAAA), this group supported the first petition candidate to win an overseer's seat. The HRAAA backed South African Archbishop Desmond Tutu in his successful bid to join the board in 1989, and future U. S. president Barack Obama's unsuccessful petition bid in 1991. In 2020, Harvard Forward, a group calling for increased attention to climate change (including fossil fuel divestment) and representation of younger alumni on the Board, put forward a slate of five petition candidates. Three of the five were elected to the board: environmental scientist Jayson Toweh, civil rights attorney Thea Sebastian, and professional soccer player Margaret Purce. This was despite the efforts of leaders of the Harvard Alumni Association, who circulated a letter calling climate concerns "special interests" and suggesting that it was inappropriate for overseers candidates to state their views on university issues. Following the election of the three Harvard Forward candidates, Harvard changed the election rules in order to make it harder for petition candidates to be elected.