Француз революционері Максимин Инар: Өмір және қызметі

French revolutionary

Maximin Isnard (maksimɛ̃ isnaʁ; 16 November 1755 Grasse, Alpes Maritimes – 12 March 1825 Grasse), French revolutionary, was a dealer in perfumery at Draguignan when he was elected deputy for the département of the Var to the Legislative Assembly, where he joined the Girondists. As the president of the National Convention Isnard, who had enough of the tyranny of the Paris Commune, threatened the destruction of Paris. He declared that the Convention would not be influenced by any violence and that Paris had to respect the representatives from elsewhere in France. Isnard was asked to give up his seat.

Born in 1755, he is the youngest son of Maximin Isnard (1731 1799) and Anne Thérèse Fanton, cousin of the Fantons of Andon. He is the grandson (on the paternal line) of Jacques Isnard, merchant curator, was lord of Deux Frères and Esclapon, and of Claire Courmes, both from old families of the bourgeoisie of Grasse. His sister Françoise (1722 1805), wife of Antoine Court (they had several children: Honoré, Michel and Joseph Court d'Esclapon and de Fontmichel). His niece, Marie Marguerite Justine Isnard, married Claude Marie Courmes (1770 1865) in 1801. He married Madeleine Clérion in 1778. They had a son, Jean Jacques (1784 1845), Baron Isnard, private receiver of finances, who married Eugénie Gabrielle Luce in 1813, daughter of the banker Honoré François Luce. Their grandson Joseph Honoré (1817 1898) was confirmed in the title of Baron Isnard by letters patent of September 7, 1864. He became perfumer in Draguignan before opening a factory specializing in silk and soap.

Isnard was quickly a revolutionary in accepting "new ideas" at the beginning of the Revolution, in 1789–1790. On 9 September 1791, he was elected member of Legislative Assembly by the department of Var, in southeastern of France (district of Draguignan. Isnard was linked to Brissot and sat at the left of the Assembly. He was very violent in his talks. For example, in his opinion, the French State had to deport all priests who have not accepted the Revolution. He supported the "brissotins" who wanted a war against foreign countries, in order to strengthen Revolution. Attacking the court, and the Austrian committee in the Tuileries, he demanded the disbandment of the king's bodyguard, and reproached Louis XVI for infidelity to the constitution. But on 20 June 1792, when the crowd invaded the palace, he was one of the deputies who went to place themselves beside the king to protect him.

Elected to the National Convention in September 1792, he was sent to the army of the North, near Nice, to justify the insurrection ; he announced the take of Sospel and went back to Paris in autumn. He voted for the death of Louis XVI in January 1793 and became a member of the Committee of General Security. The committee, consisting of 25 members, proved unwieldy, and on 4 April, Isnard presented, on behalf of the Girondist majority, the report recommending a smaller committee of nine, which two days later was established as the Committee of Public Safety.

On 2 June 1793 he offered his resignation as representative of the people, but was not comprised in the decree by which the Convention determined upon the arrest of twenty nine Girondists. On 3 October, however, his arrest was decreed along with that of several other Girondist deputies who had left the Convention and were fomenting civil war in the departments.

Initially proscribed during the Thermidorian Reaction, he was allowed to return to the Convention on 4 December 1794. Seating to the Right, he became an adversary of more extremist revolutionaries. In May 1795, he was sent to the département of Bouches du Rhône to uncover and prosecute fleeing Jacobins, which led him to being suspected of royalist sympathies.

On 13 October 1795, now regarded as a royalist, he was elected deputy for the Var to the Council of Five Hundred, where he played a very insignificant role. In 1797 he retired to Draguignan.

In 1802, he published a pamphlet titled De l'immortalité de l'âme ("Immortality of Soul"), in which he praised Catholicism, and in 1804 another pamphlet, Réflexions relatives au sénatus consulte du 28 floréal an XII, an enthusiastic apology for the Empire. He was a supporter of Napoléon Bonaparte, who named him Baron in 1813. Upon the restoration he professed such royalist sentiments that he was not disturbed, in spite of the 1816 law proscribing members of the Convention who had voted to execute the king. In 1825, he died in Grasse, in a deep anonymity. See FA Aulard, Les Orateurs de la Legislative et de la Convention (Paris, 2nd ed., 1906).