Альпине округі, Калифорния штаты

County in California, United States

Alpine County is a county in the eastern part of the U. S. state of California located within the Sierra Nevada on the state border with Nevada. As of the 2020 Census, the population was 1,204, making it California's least populous county. The county seat and largest community is Markleeville.

The Washoe people, a Great Basin tribe, inhabited the Sierra Nevada on the California–Nevada boundary, with the Hung A Lel Ti band populating the Diamond Valley including what would become Alpine County. Kit Carson and John C. Frémont were among the first explorers to bring nationwide attention to the Sierra Nevada region in their winter 1844 expedition, though the first known westerners to actually explore the area were Jedediah Smith and Joseph R. Walker. Though gold spurred the infrastructural development of Alpine County, the Comstock Lode found near Virginia City, Nevada and the subsequent silver boom was what triggered Alpine County's growth, even attracting gold miners from neighboring Nevada. This prompted the formation on March 16, 1864, from parts of Amador County, Calaveras County, El Dorado County, Mono County and Tuolumne County. At its formation, it had a population numbering around 11,000. By 1868, however, the local silver mines had proven unfruitful of replicating the Nevada silver boom and the population fell to about 685 in the 1870 Census, a decline that would steadily continue through the 1950s. was designated the county seat following the discovery of silver nearby by Norwegian miners. Markleeville, established by Jacob Markley in 1861 as a 160 acre claim encompassing a bridge and toll station, became the new county seat in 1875. The three national forests (Eldorado, Humboldt–Toiyabe and Stanislaus) means 96% of the county is owned by the federal government,

According to the United States Census Bureau, the county has an area of 743 square miles (1,924 km2), of which 738 square miles (1,911 km2) is land and 4.8 square miles (12 km2) (0.7%) is water. The federal government owns about 96% of Alpine County, the highest percentage in California, including three national forests: Eldorado (54,318 acres, or 7.81% of the 695,098 acre total), Stanislaus (119,805 acres, or 13.32% of the 899,427 acre total) and Humboldt–Toiyabe (233,962 acres, or 3.72% of the 6,290,945 acre total).

PopulationGroupEstimatePercentTotal population1,039SexGroupEstimatePercentWhite59957.65%Black or African American90.87%American Indian or Alaska Native35333.97% Cherokee tribal grouping00.00% Chippewa tribal grouping00.00% Navajo tribal grouping00.00% Sioux tribal grouping00.00%Asian100.96% Asian Indian00.00% Chinese00.00% Filipino00.00% Japanese00.00% Korean00.00% Vietnamese50.48% Other Asian50.48%Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander60.58% Native Hawaiian60.58% Guamanian or Chamorro00.00% Samoan00.00% Other Pacific Islander00.00%Some other race90.87%Two or more races535.10% White and Black or African American00.00% White and American Indian and Alaska Native474.52% White and Asian00.00% Black or African American and
American Indian and Alaska Native00.00%Hispanic or Latino and raceGroupEstimatePercentNative (born in the United States)98694.90% Born in California52450.43% Born in other U. S. state44642.93% Northeastern state656.26% Midwestern state656.26% Southern state413.95% Western state27526.47% Native born outside U. S. states161.54% Puerto Rico00.00% U. S. Island Areas00.00% Born abroad of American parents161.54%Foreign Born535.10% Naturalized U. S. citizen302.89% Europe161.54% Asia141.35% Africa00.00% Oceania00.00% Latin America00.00% Northern America00.00% Not a U. S. citizen232.21% Europe00.00% Asia50.48% Africa00.00% Oceania00.00% Latin America181.73% Northern America00.00%

As of the census of 2000, there were 1,208 people, 483 households, and 295 families residing in the county. The population density was There were 1,514 housing units at an average density of The racial makeup of the county was 73.7% White, 0.6% Black or African American, 18.9% Native American, 0.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 1.4% from other races, and 5.1% from two or more races. 7.8% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. 12.1% were of German, 12.1% Irish, 9.3% English, 6.5% American and 5.7% Italian ancestry. 95.0% spoke English, 3.1% Spanish and 2.0% Washo as their first language. There were 483 households, out of which 25.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.9% were married couples living together, 11.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non families. 27.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.50 and the average family size was 2.96. In the county, the population was spread out, with 22.8% under the age of 18, 10.4% from 18 to 24, 27.5% from 25 to 44, 29.3% from 45 to 64, and 9.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 110.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 117.2 males. The median income for a household in the county was $41,875, and the median income for a family was $50,250. Males had a median income of $36,544 versus $25,800 for females. The per capita income for the county was $24,431. About 12.0% of families and 19.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 27.4% of those under age 18 and 10.1% of those age 65 or over.

Gay activist Don Jackson seriously presented an idea for taking over Alpine County at a December 28, 1969, gay liberation conference in Berkeley, California. The project, which eventually became known as Stonewall Nation, was subsequently surreptitiously used by fellow gay activists Morris Kight and Don Kilhefner as an agitation and propaganda tool with no serious plans to bring the idea to fruition. Once the political theater aspect of the project was exposed, planning for the Alpine County project came to a halt even among demoralized true believers.

In the late 1970s, the Posse Comitatus organization attempted to take over Alpine County by settling there and fielding candidates in local elections. The Posse thought winning local elections in Alpine County was their best opportunity to take control of a single county. The group fielded a candidate for sheriff and registered fictitious voters using post office boxes and vacant lots as their addresses. Six people were prosecuted for voter fraud, the false registrations were thrown out, and the incumbent sheriff was re elected.