Торонтоның бұрынғы әскери бекінісі: Жаңа Форт Йорк тарихы

Former Canadian military facility

New Fort York, later the Stanley Barracks, is a former British and Canadian military base in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, located on the Lake Ontario shoreline. It was built in 1840–1841 to replace Toronto's original Fort York at the mouth of Garrison Creek as the primary military base for the settlement. Unlike the older fort, many of the new fort buildings were made with limestone instead of wood. A protective wall was planned for the new fort but was never built. The fort was used by the British army until 1870, and the Canadian military subsequently used the fort to train troops for the Second Boer War, World War I and World War II. It also trained one of the first regiments of the North West Mounted Police. The Canadian military stopped using it after World War II and the fort was demolished in the 1950s. Only the Officers' Quarters building remains on the site.

When the British set up the military defences of York, Upper Canada, a military reservation was created by Lieutenant Governor Simcoe, roughly bordered by today's Dufferin Street, Queen Street, Peter Street and the lakeshore. Two 18 pounder guns were placed on the lakeshore just to the east of the future fort site, known as the Western Battery, to protect the approach to the harbour. Guns were also placed on the western shoreline of the Toronto Islands. The Western Battery guns were destroyed in the War of 1812's Battle of York in 1813. As the old Fort York's wood buildings aged, it was determined that new accommodations were needed. In addition, private buildings were being rented in the town to accommodate soldiers. To finance the new fort, Lieutenant Governor Colborne approved the sale of some of the military reserve lands in 1833. It was not until after the 1837 rebellion that action was taken to start construction. Approval was given in 1839 by Lieutenant Governor Bond Head to build a new fort to accommodate 300 soldiers, based on an 1833 plan drawn up by Lieutenant Colonel Gustavus Nicolls. A series of six stone buildings were constructed around 1840 by the Royal Engineers of the British Army with the biggest building being the Officers' Quarters. The two storey Queenston limestone structure cost 19,000 pounds sterling. The fort also included two privates' barracks (holding 207 and 105 soldiers), a hospital, an officers' stable, barracks master's store, an engine house, gunpowder magazine and a canteen, all organized around a parade square. The original plan included fortifications surrounding the fort but as a cost saving measure a cedar picket fence to enclose the fort was constructed, with fortifications to be added at some later time. A road was built between the forts, entering the new fort through a wrought iron gate and passing under an arch in the eastern privates' barracks. Although living conditions were considered good for the time, conditions during the winter were considered very cold, and keeping water from freezing was difficult. During the 1850s, the number of British troops at the fort was reduced, having been deployed in the Crimean War. Numbers rose again in the 1860s during the United States Civil War. In the 1860s, the space at the new fort was insufficient and The 13th Hussars were quartered in the nearby Crystal Palace exhibition building.

The two storey Officers' Quarters is designed in the Georgian style with influences of English Palladianism. It rises two storeys, with full basement and attic, on a foundation of Kingston limestone, its thick walls built with Queenston limestone with a surrounding dry moat. Its original roof was covered with slate tiles but was recovered with metal. Its north face was designed to be the front, facing the parade ground. The south face is identical to the north face. The building was organized to give two thirds to the officers and one third to the Barracks' Master. While the building was home to the Marine Museum, the grounds housed two items from Toronto history. The tugboat Ned Hanlan was on display until 2012 on the west side of the building. Canadian National locomotive No. 6213 was located on the east side from 1960 until 2009. In 1999, Toronto City Council designated the Quarters as a Landmark Heritage Property under the Ontario Heritage Act. In 2009, City Council approved the development of a hotel on the property, just to the east of the fort's site. To the north of the Officers' Quarters, the former parking lot is now a plaza. To the south of the Officers' Quarters is a garden used for outdoor events. The former shoreline of Lake Ontario is outlined on the paving of a pathway along the Quarters. The exterior of the building is being restored, while the use for the building remains undetermined. The building has been on a walking tour for ghosts on the Exhibition grounds.