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The first known written occurrence of the name Bayside was in a deed dated 1798, written as Bay Side. During the 19th century, Bayside was primarily farmland, where wealthy people from Manhattan would visit it as a rural resort. During the 1920s and 1930s, there were several movie studios in Astoria, and many movie stars lived in Bayside, some in posh homes. After the end of World War II, residential development of Bayside increased dramatically, particularly because of its station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch, where a commuter could ride one train straight to Manhattan. Bayside is located in Queens Community District 11 and its ZIP Codes are 11360, 11361, and 11364.

Bayside's history dates back to 2000 B. C. when the Matinecock Native American tribe first settled there. Around 1637, the Dutch West India Company encouraged Dutch farmers to settle on land grants in New Amsterdam, which was the name of New York then. During the 1920s and 1930s, there were several movie studios in Astoria, and movie stars such as Rudolph Valentino, Gloria Swanson, Norma Talmadge, W. C. Fields, and Charlie Chaplin lived in Bayside, some in posh homes. After the end of World War II, residential development of Bayside increased dramatically, particularly because of its station on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch, where a commuter could ride one train straight to Manhattan without requiring a transfer at Jamaica station. His wife reported Michael as missing, and three years later she learned about his death and his life in organized crime from the FBI. In April 2002, Gambino crime family associate Darren D'Amico was shot in the leg outside a restaurant in Bayside; his suspected shooter was Bonanno crime family associate Randolph Pizzolo.

Bayside is bordered by the Long Island Sound to the north and the Little Neck Bay to the northeast. To the east of Bayside is the Cross Island Parkway. To the west is Francis Lewis Boulevard and Auburndale, and to the northwest is Utopia Parkway. Bayside ends somewhere north of the Long Island Expressway, although Oakland Gardens and Hollis Hills are usually considered parts of Bayside.

Bayside Gables is a privately owned gated community located near the Bay Terrace shopping center and the Little Neck Bay. Homes in this community can sell for as high as $4 million.

Bayside Hills is a subdivision of Bayside's south side, bordered by 48th Avenue to the north, the Long Island Expressway to the south, 211th Street to the west, and Springfield Boulevard on the east. The homes in Bayside Hills, many of which were built by Gross Morton, are generally more upscale and have higher property values. Bayside Hills is known for its thirty three street malls and accents, especially the gatehouse at Bell Boulevard and 48th Avenue, gateposts on 48th Avenue from 216th Street, and Bayside Hills Street Clock at 50th Avenue and 214th Street. The Victorian style street clock sits upon the Leo Green Clock Mall, dedicated to the local civic activist. Further east, Captain William C Dermody Triangle Park (48 Avenue and 216 Street) memorializes Dermody's abolitionism and service in the Civil War, leading him to be mortally wounded at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. Much of the public green space is maintained by the NYC Parks Department and the Bayside Hills Civic Association. The zip code 11364 is shared with Oakland Gardens.

Bay Terrace is an affluent neighborhood often considered part of the larger area of Bayside. The area encompasses gated cooperative/condominium developments such as the Bay Club and Baybridge Condominium. Other cooperative/condominium developments include the Towers at Waters Edge, the Kennedy Street Quad, the Bayside Townhouse Condominiums, Bay Country Owners, Bell Owners and others. The gated estate community of the "Bayside Gables" is also located within the Bay Terrace neighborhood, being the site of some of the only single family homes in the area. Bay Terrace overlooks the East River and the approaches to the Throgs Neck Bridge from the Clearview Expressway and Cross Island Parkway. The neighborhood is bounded on the west by the Clearview Expressway, on the south by 26th Avenue and 28th Avenue, and to the east and north by the Little Neck Bay and Little Bay. The civic organization serving Bay Terrace is the Bay Terrace Community Alliance (BTCA). Bay Terrace has the ZIP Code 11360.

Oakland Gardens is a middle class neighborhood in the southern part of Bayside, bounded to the north by the Long Island Expressway, to the east by Alley Pond Park, to the south by Union Turnpike, and to the west by Cunningham Park. Bayside proper is to the north, and Queens Village and Bellerose are to the south and southeast, respectively. Fredrick Newbold Lawrence built a mansion in the area in 1847 called "The Oaks", and the neighborhood's name probably derives from that estate.

As according to the 2020 census data, the Bayside neighborhood had about an equal amount of White and Asian residents with each of their population ranging from 10,000 to 19,999 residents meanwhile each population of the Black and Hispanic residents were less than 5000.

Based on data from the 2010 United States Census, the population of Bayside Bayside Hills was 43,808, a decrease of 563 (1.3%) from the 44,371 counted in 2000. Covering an area of , the neighborhood had a population density of
The racial makeup of the neighborhood was 46.9% (20,550) White, 2.6% (1,160) African American, 0.1% (24) Native American, 37.3% (16,324) Asian, 0.0% (7) Pacific Islander, 0.3% (112) from other races, and 1.3% (565) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 11.6% (5,066) of the population. The entirety of Community Board 11, which comprises Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck, had 119,628 inhabitants as of NYC Health's 2018 Community Health Profile, with an average life expectancy of 84.7 years. This is higher than the median life expectancy of 81.2 for all New York City neighborhoods. Most inhabitants are youth and middle aged adults: 19% are between the ages of between 0–17, 26% between 25–44, and 31% between 45–64. The ratio of college aged and elderly residents was lower, at 6% and 18% respectively. In 2018, an estimated 14% of Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck residents lived in poverty, compared to 19% in all of Queens and 20% in all of New York City. One in seventeen residents (6%) were unemployed, compared to 8% in Queens and 9% in New York City. Rent burden, or the percentage of residents who have difficulty paying their rent, is 49% in Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck, lower than the boroughwide and citywide rates of 53% and 51% respectively. Based on this calculation, as of 2018, Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck are considered to be high income relative to the rest of the city and not gentrifying.

Lawrence Cemetery – 216th Street & 42nd Avenue. Fort Totten, New York – A fort built during the Civil War to guard the north entrance to New York Harbor, along with Fort Schuyler in the Bronx, in 1862. Straiton Storm Cigar Factory – Built c. 1872, the factory was the largest cigar manufacturer in America. The three story wood frame building was of the French Second Empire style. After a large warehouse fire in late 1976, the factory was refurbished to its original state. All Saints Episcopal Church – Built in 1892 as one of the first churches constructed in Bayside, the building contains examples of Louis Comfort Tiffany's work. Cornell Appleton house at 214–33 33rd Road. Archibald Cornell's wife inherited the farm from her father more than 160 years ago. This twelve room house is thought to be one of the oldest in Bayside. With past and continuing research, it has been traced back to 1852. In 1905, the house was sold to Edward Dale Appleton, of the Appleton Publishing Company. Mrs. Appleton and her sister were passengers aboard the RMS Titanic when it hit an iceberg and sank. Both women were rescued by the ship Carpathia. This is the second oldest home in Queens. Corbett House, 221 04 Corbett Road, the home of world champion boxer "Gentleman Jim" Corbett from 1902 until his death in 1933, and of his widow Vera until her death in 1959. 38–39 214th Place, home of Charles Johnson Post (1873–1956), a government official, artist, and political cartoonist whose posthumously published The Little War of Private Post (1960) is one of the classic accounts of the Spanish–American War of 1898. 35–25 223rd Street, home of actor W. C. Fields. "Authors House", an attached two family house with the double addresses of 46–02 215th Street and 214–30 46th Avenue, which has been the home of more authors than any other building in Bayside. Gloria Swanson's home, 216 07 40th Avenue, was the home of the silent film actress. Rudolph Valentino's home, 201 10 Cross Island Parkway, was where Valentino, an Italian actor, sex symbol, and early pop icon, lived. It was also once home to Fiorello LaGuardia, the mayor of New York City from 1934 to 1945. In 1993, the building was converted into a two floor restaurant/banquet hall named Cafe on the Green. The eatery shut down in January 2009 when the city Parks Department forced out the former operators amid reports of mob ties and sloppy finances. The site's new concessionaire, Friendship Restaurant Group, began a $4 million renovation project February 1, 2009. The new restaurant, Valentino's on the Green, opened on September 8, 2010.

Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck are patrolled by the 111th Precinct of the NYPD, located at 45 06 215th Street. The 111th Precinct ranked 8th safest out of 69 patrol areas for per capita crime in 2010. as of 2018, with a non fatal assault rate of 8 per 100,000 people, Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck's rate of violent crimes per capita is the lowest of any area in New York City. The incarceration rate of 110 per 100,000 people is lower than that of the city as a whole.

Bayside contains two New York City Fire Department (FDNY) fire stations. Engine Company 306 is located at 40 18 214th Place, while Engine Co. 326/Ladder Co. 160/Battalion 53 is located at 64 04 Springfield Boulevard. The FDNY EMS Training Academy is located in Bay Terrace at Fort Totten. The site also contains a museum of FDNY EMS history.

as of 2018, preterm births and births to teenage mothers are less common in Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck than in other places citywide. In Bayside and Douglaston–Little Neck, there were 81 preterm births per 1,000 live births (compared to 87 per 1,000 citywide), and 1.9 births to teenage mothers per 1,000 live births (compared to 19.3 per 1,000 citywide).

Bayside's highways include the Clearview Expressway (I 295) and the Long Island Expressway (I 495), as well as the Cross Island Parkway. The north end of the Brooklyn–Queens Greenway is in Little Bay Park, under the Throgs Neck Bridge approaches, with convenient connection to the Utopia Parkway bicycle lane. It lies between Cross Island Parkway and Little Neck Bay, connecting Bayside to Douglaston and Alley Pond Park, and to central Queens and Coney Island. Francis Lewis Boulevard is a major street notorious for drag racing, which resulted in several fatalities to drivers and pedestrians over the years. Bayside is connected to Manhattan's Penn Station and Grand Central, northern Queens and Long Island by the Bayside station, one of a few express stations on the Long Island Rail Road's Port Washington Branch. The New York City Subway's serves nearby Flushing at Flushing–Main Street station. New York City Bus's local routes, and express routes. The Nassau Inter County Express' routes also serves Bayside. After the MTA began extending the of the IRT Flushing Line westward into Manhattan in 2007, the 2012 fiscal year Community District Needs of Queens report suggests extending the line eastward from Flushing–Main Street in order to relieve congestion in Downtown Flushing. Early plans for the line was to have it end in Bayside at Bell Boulevard near Northern Boulevard.

The character George Costanza from the TV series Seinfeld mentions in the episode "The Strike" that his family had lived in Bayside until they were driven out because of their belief in Festivus. The movie Sally of the Sawdust (1925) was filmed in Bayside. Bayside is featured in a 1997 episode of NYPD Blue titled "Taillight's Last Gleaming". NYPD Lieutenant Arthur Fancy is pulled over driving through Bayside with his wife, by two NYPD officers assigned to a Bayside precinct, for reasons that appear to be racially motivated. Fancy then has the senior officer transferred out of his predominantly white precinct in Bayside to a predominantly black precinct in Brooklyn North as punishment. The movie Frequency is set in Bayside. Dennis Quaid's character brags that he is from "Bayside, born and raised!". The character Adrian Cronauer played by Robin Williams in the movie Good Morning, Vietnam is from Bayside, Queens. When asked "What are Queens? ", Cronauer responds: "Tall thin men who like show tunes." The movie Pride and Glory had several scenes filmed in Bayside, including the family dinner set in Edward Norton's father's house. An episode of The White Shadow was in part filmed in Bayside. They used Bayside High School, the Bell Blvd. bridge over the Long Island Railroad and the front of De Rolf's Stationery Store for some dialogue scenes. The opening scene in the 1997 movie The Devil's Advocate was filmed at Pier 25A, a seafood restaurant in Bayside. The drive by murder scene where Philip Seymour Hoffman and his brother rob their parents' jewelry store (Alicia's Jewelers in Bay Terrace) and accidentally kill them is filmed in Bay Terrace (in the 2007 film Before the Devil Knows You're Dead).