Камера және линза арасындағы интерфейс

Interface between a camera body and lens

A lens mount is an interface – mechanical and often also electrical – between a photographic camera body and a lens. It is a feature of camera systems where the body allows interchangeable lenses, most usually the rangefinder camera, single lens reflex type, single lens mirrorless type or any movie camera of 16 mm or higher gauge. Lens mounts are also used to connect optical components in instrumentation that may not involve a camera, such as the modular components used in optical laboratory prototyping which join via C mount or T mount elements.

A lens mount may be a screw threaded type, a bayonet type, or a breech lock (friction lock) type. Modern still camera lens mounts are of the bayonet type, because the bayonet mechanism precisely aligns mechanical and electrical features between lens and body. Screw threaded mounts are fragile and do not align the lens in a reliable rotational position, yet types such as the C mount interface are still widely in use for other applications like video cameras and optical instrumentation. Bayonet mounts generally have a number of tabs (often three) around the base of the lens, which fit into appropriately sized recesses in the lens mounting plate on the front of the camera. The tabs are often "keyed" in some way to ensure that the lens is inserted in only one orientation, often by making one tab a different size. Once inserted the lens is fastened by turning it a small amount. It is then locked in place by a spring loaded pin, which can be operated to remove the lens. Lens mounts of competing manufacturers (Sony, Nikon, Canon, Contax/Yashica, Pentax, etc.) are almost always incompatible. In addition to the mechanical and electrical interface variations, the flange focal distance from the lens mount to the film or sensor can also be different. Many allege that these incompatibilities are due to the desire of manufacturers to "lock in" consumers to their brand. In movie cameras, the two most popular mounts in current usage on professional digital cinematography cameras are Arri's PL mount and Panavision's PV mount. The PL Mount is used both on Arri and RED digital cinematography cameras, which as of 2012 are the most used cameras for films shot in digital. The Panavision mounts are exclusively used with Panavision lenses, and thus are only available on Panaflex cameras or third party cameras "Panavised" by a Panavision rental house, whereas the PL mount style is favored with most other cameras and cine lens manufacturers. Both of these mounts are held in place with locating pins and friction locking rings. Other mounts which are now largely historical or a minority in relation to current practices are listed below.

Mount nameFlange focal distanceFrame sizeThroat or thread diameterMount thread pitchMount typePrimary useCamera linesCanon SV32.00 mm   BayonetPhotography (Digital)Canon RC 701 & 760Argus C340.3 mm35 mm34 mm20 TPIScrewPhotographyArgus C3Canon EX20 mm1/2"  BayonetPhotographyCanon FL42 mm35 mm48 mm Breech lockPhotography Canon FD42 mm35 mm48 mm Breech lockPhotographyCanon F series, A series, and T series SLRsCanon FDn (a. k. a. "New FD")42 mm35 mm48 mmBayonetPhotographycompletely interchangeable with earlier FD lensesCanon EF44.00 mm35 mm54 mm BayonetPhotographyCanon EOS 35mm film SLR, Full Frame & APS H DSLRCanon EF S44.00 mmAPS C54 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Canon EOS APS C DSLRCanon EF M18 mmAPS C47 mm  BayonetPhotography (Digital)Canon EOS M series Mirrorless APS C CamerasCanon RF20 mm35 mm and APS C54 mmBayonetPhotography (Digital) Canon EOS R series full frame and APS C mirrorless cameras; lenses designated as RF S are optimized for APS C sensors, but will mount on full frame bodiesNikon S34.85 mm35 mm34 mm BayonetPhotographyNikon RangefinderNikon F46.5 mm35 mm44 mm BayonetPhotography Nikon F 35mm film SLR, Full Frame & APS C DSLRNikon 117 mm13.2 x 8.8mm40 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Nikon 1 seriesNikon Z16 mm35 mm55 mmBayonetPhotography (Digital)Nikon Z Mirrorless Full Frame & APS CSony Mavica57 mm   BayonetPhotography (Digital)Sony E | FE18 mm35 mm and APS C46.1 mm (1.815 inch) BayonetPhotography (Digital)Sony E/FE Mount Alpha Mirrorless Full Frame / APS C| Sony NEX Mirrorless APS CMinolta SR43.50 mm35 mm44.97 mm Bayonet (54°)PhotographyMinolta SR/MC/MDMinolta V38.00 mmAPS H39.7 mm BayonetPhotographyMinolta VectisMinolta A44.50 mm35 mm and APS C49.7 mm (1.939 inch) Bayonet (54°)PhotographyMinolta DSLR AF/Alpha/Dynax/MaxxumSony DSLR Alpha (α) A MountPentax Auto 11027 mm110 film19.5 mm BayonetPhotographyPentax Auto 110 and Auto 110 SuperPentax Q9.2 mm1/2.3", 1/1.7" 31 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Pentax K45.46 mm35 mm and APS C44 mm BayonetPhotographyUsed also by Ricoh, Chinon, Agfa, Vivitar and KMZ Zenit camerasLeitz Visoflex I91.3 mm35 mmM3926 TPIScrewPhotographyLeitz Visoflex II/III67.8 mm35 mm44 mm Bayonet (Leica M)PhotographyLeica M27.80 mm35 mm44 mm BayonetPhotographyLeica M seriesLeica CLMinolta CLELeica R47.00 mm35 mm49 mm BayonetPhotographyLeica L20 mm35 mm and APS C51.6 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)L Mount Alliance (Leica, Panasonic, Sigma, DJI and Blackmagic Design cameras)Contax RF34.85 mm 35 mm44 mm Double bayonetPhotographyContax I, II, III, IIa, IIIaKiev rangefindersContax G29.00 mm35 mm44 mm Breech lockPhotographyContax N48 mm35 mm55 mm BayonetPhotographyContax/Yashica45.5 mm35 mm48 mm BayonetPhotographyYashica/ContaxYashica MA~45.8 mm35 mm  BayonetPhotographyKyocera Yashica 230 AF etc. Fujica X43.5 mm35 mm49 mm BayonetPhotographyFujica XFujifilm X17.7 mmAPS C44 mm  BayonetPhotography (Digital)Fujifilm X series mirrorlessOlympus Pen F28.95 mm35 mm half frame  BayonetPhotographyOlympus OM46 mm35 mm46 mm BayonetPhotographyFour Thirds38.67 mm17.3 mm × 12.98 mm~44 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Olympus EPanasonic Lumix DMC LLeica DigiluxMicro Four Thirds19.25 mm17.3 mm × 12.98 mm~38 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Olympus Pen & OM D seriesPanasonic G, GF, GX & GH SeriesBlackmagic Design Cinema CameraKM28 mm (27.80 mm? )35 mm44 mm BayonetPhotographyKonica Hexar RFKonica F40.50 mm35 mm40 mm BayonetPhotographyKonica FKonica AR40.50 mm35 mm47 mm BayonetPhotographyKonica AutoreflexSamsung NX mini6.95 mm1" 38 mm Bayonetphotography (Digital)Samsung NX25.5 mmAPS C42 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Samsung Kenox44.5 mm35 mm BayonetPhotographyManual focus only; there is only one compatible camera Samsung Kenox GX 1/Samsung SR4000. Icarex BM48.00 mm35 mm Breech lockPhotographyIcarex 35SD12.29 mm8 mm15.88 mm (0.625 inch)32 TPIScrewCinematography CS12.526 mm1/3" , 1/2" 25.40 mm (1 inch)32 TPIScrewCinematography / Industrial C17.526 mm (0.69 inches)1/2" , 16 mm, 2/3" , 1" 25.40 mm (1 inch)32 TPIScrewCinematography / Industrial / Machine Vision S (a. k. a. M12)N/A. Screw mount must be adjusted manually for back focus. Back focal distance from <1mm to 12mm.1/6"  to 1" 12 mm 0.5 mm pitchScrewCCTV, PCBEdmund Optics μ VideoBolex Bajonet23.22 mm16 mm  Breech lockCinematographyeffective focal distance 17.526 mm (0.69 inches) due to beam splitter behind mount flange (accepts C mount lenses with adapter)1/3" bayonet mount25 mm1/3" (5.24x2.94)BayonetVideoJVC professional video camerasM39 (a. k. a. L Mount, LTM)28.80 mm35 mmM3926 TPIScrewPhotographyLeica M39 screw mountNarciss28.8 mm16 mmM241 mmScrewPhotography1/2" bayonet mount37.80 mm1/2" (6.97x3.92)BayonetVideoNon Sony professional video camerasAlpa37.80 mm35 mm42 mm BayonetPhotographySony 1/2" Video38 mm1/2" (6.97x3.92)BayonetVideoSony professional video camerasAaton universal40 mm16 mm50 mm Breech lockCinematographyMiranda bayonet/M4441.5 mm35 mm and APS C  BayonetPhotographyMiranda Camera CompanyPetriflex43.5 mm35 mm  Breech lockPhotographySigma SA44.00 mm35 mm44 mm BayonetPhotographySigma SAPaxette44 mm35 mmM391 mmScrewPhotographyPraktiflex44 mm35 mmM401 mmScrewPhotographyPraktica44.40 mm35 mm42 mm BayonetPhotographyExakta, Topcon RE44.7 mm35 mm46 mm BayonetPhotographyZenit M3945.2 mm35 mmM391 mmScrewPhotographyM3745.46 mm35 mm37 mm1 mmScrewPhotographyAsahiflexM4245.46 mm35 mm42 mm1 mmScrewPhotographyPraktica, Pentax, ZenitB4 mount48 mm2/3" (9.6x5.4)BayonetVideoProfessional and broadcast video camerasPraktina50 mm35 mm46 mm Breech lockPhotographyT Thread (Very earliest type)50.7 mm35 mmM370.75mmScrewPhotographyTamronAdapt A Matic50.7 mm35 mm54 mm BayonetPhotographyTamronAdaptall & Adaptall 250.7 mm35 mm54 mm BayonetPhotographyTamronArri standard52 mm35 mm and 16 mm64 mm Tab lockCinematographyArri bayonet52 mm35 mm and 16 mm64 mm BayonetCinematographyArri PL52 mm35 mm and 16 mm54 mm Breech lockCinematographyArri LPL44 mmArri LF62 mm Breech lockCinematographyArri Maxi PL52 mm70 mm64 mm  CinematographyT55 mm35 mm42 mm0.75 mmScrewPhotographyTamronYS Auto T Thread55 mm35 mm42 mm0.75 mmScrewPhotographySigma CorporationT thread55 mm35 mm47 mm0.75 mmScrewPhotographyTokinaH Mount55 mm35 mm47 mm0.75 mmScrewPhotographyHanimex (rebranding of Tokina M47)Panavision PV57.15 mm35 mm49.5 mm Breech lockCinematographyB3 mount58 mm2/3"  Reverse bayonetVideoIkegamiMitchell BNCR61.468 mm35 mm68 mm Breech lockCinematography Zeiss Panflex 5522/23 for Contax RF64.50 mm 35 mm Double bayonetPhotographyKowa Six/Super 6679 mm6×6  Breech lockPhotographyHasselblad74.9 mm6×669 mm BayonetPhotographyHasselblad Xpan34.27 mm35 mm panoramic46 mm BayonetPhotographyBronica ETR85 mm6×4.5 BayonetPhotographyBronica RF6×4.5 BayonetPhotographyBronica SQA101.7 mm6×657 mm BayonetPhotographyBronica GS185 mm6×780.5 mm BayonetPhotographyMamiya 64563.3 mm6×4.562 mm BayonetPhotographyMamiya 656.2 mm (approx. )6×6 BayonetPhotographyMamiya 7/7II59 mm (approx. )6×749 mm BayonetPhotographyMamiya RZ67105 mm6×760 mm BayonetPhotographyMamiya RB67112 mm6×760 mm BayonetPhotographyMamiya ZE45.5 mm35 mm  BayonetPhotographyMamiya/Sekor E43.5 mm35 mm49 mm BayonetPhotographyPentax 64570.87 mm6×4.561.2 mm BayonetPhotographyPentax 6x784.95 mm6×772 mm BayonetPhotographyPentacon Six74.1 mm6×660 mm Breech lockPhotographyFujifilm G26.7 mm43.8x32.9 mm65 mm BayonetPhotography (Digital)Fujifilm GFX seriesRolleiflex SL66102.8 mm6×6  BayonetPhotographyRolleiflex SL3544.46 mm35 mm46 mm BayonetPhotographyRMS thread, society thread150/180 mm 0.8", Whitworth36 tpiScrewMicroscopeolder microscopesLeicaNikon BiologicalUnknown M250.75 mmScrewMicroscopeBD MountUnknown M260.7 mmScrewMicroscopeMitutoyoOlympus BDNikon BDZeissUnknown M270.75 mmScrewMicroscopeTFL17.526 mm28 mmM350.75 mmScrewMachine VisionTFL II17.526 mm35 mmM480.75 mmScrewMachine Vision

For small camera modules, used in e. g. CCTV systems and machine vision, a range of metric thread mounts exists. The smallest ones can be found also in e. g. cellphones and endoscopes. The most common by far is the M12x0.5, followed by M8x0.5 and M10x0.5. M4.2x0.2 (1/7" sensors)
M4.6x0.25 (1/5", 2.4mm, 3.8mm sensors, industrial endoscopes)
M5x0.35 (1/6", 1/5" sensors)
M5.5x0.35 (1.7", 1/5.8", 1/5", 1/4" sensors)
M6x0.35 (1/4", 5.2mm, 4.85mm sensors)
M6.4x0.25 (1/3" sensors)
M7x0.35 (1.8", 1.7", 1/6", 1/5", 1/4", 1/3.6", 1/3.2", 1/2.7", 4.85mm sensors)
M8x0.35 (1/4", 1/3" sensors)
M8x0.5 (1/5", 1/4", 1/3" sensors; sometimes occurs in diode laser modules)
M9x0.5 (1/2.7", 1/3", 1/3.2" sensors; also commonly encountered in diode laser modules)
M10x0.5 (1/4", 1/3" sensors)
M12x0.5 (the S mount, listed in the table)
M22x0.5 (1/1.2" sensors)

The axial adjustment range for focusing Ultra wide angle lenses and some Wide angle lenses in large format cameras is usually very small. So some manufacturers (e. g. Linhof) offered special focusing lens mounts, so called wide angle focusing accessories for their cameras. With such a device, the lens could be focused precisely without moving the entire front standard.

Secondary lens refers to a multi element lens mounted either in front of a camera's primary lens, or in between the camera body and the primary lens. (D)SLR camera & interchangeable lens manufacturers offer lens accessories like extension tubes and secondary lenses like teleconverters, which mount in between the camera body and the primary lens, both using and providing a primary lens mount. Various lensmakers also offer optical accessories that mount in front of the lens; these may include wide angle, telephoto, fisheye, and close up or macro adapters. Canon PowerShot A and Canon PowerShot G cameras have a built in or non interchangeable primary (zoom) lens, and Canon has "conversion tube" accessories available for some Canon PowerShot camera models which provide either a 52mm or 58mm "accessory/filter" screw thread. Canon's close up, wide (WC DC), and tele conversion (TC DC) lenses have 2, 3, and 4 element lenses respectively, so they are multi element lenses and not diopter "filters".

Lens mount adapters are designed to attach a lens to a camera body with non matching mounts. Generally, a lens can be easily adapted to a camera body with a smaller flange focal distance by simply adding space between the camera and the lens. When attempting to adapt a lens to a camera body with a larger flange focal distance, the adapter must include a secondary lens in order to compensate. This has the side effect of decreasing the amount of light that reaches the sensor, as well as adding a crop factor to the lens. Without the secondary lens, these adapters will function as an extension tube and will not be able to focus to infinity.