Канадалық MEC кооперативінің тарихы және жағдайы

Canadian co operative formed to sell outdoor equipment
the Canadian co op which started MEC

Mountain Equipment Co op (now called 1077 Holdings Co Operative) is a Canadian co op that started the MEC outdoor gear retail brand. The MEC brand name, assets and store leases were purchased by the American private investment firm Kingswood Capital Management's subsidiary Mountain Equipment Company in October 2020. 1077 Holdings Co operative remains active to deal with the remaining claims by creditors and will be wound up at some point in the future. Mountain Equipment Co Op was formed as a Canadian consumers' co operative to sell outdoor recreation gear and clothing exclusively to its members. Mountain Equipment Co Op was notable for its commitment to environmental protection and other causes. As a co op, Mountain Equipment Co Op sold only to customers who held a lifetime membership, which was technically a share of the co op. MEC (as a co operative) was Canada's largest supplier of outdoor equipment. Following its founding in Vancouver, British Columbia in 1971, MEC expanded across Canada and grew to operate stores in 20 cities. Once catering to mountaineers and climbers, MEC targeted a broader, more urban clientele, having added more clothing as well as cycling and yoga supplies. At its peak MEC had over 5.4 million members in Canada and internationally. Facing mounting financial losses in 2019 and during the COVID 19 pandemic in Canada, in September 2020, without consulting its membership, the board of directors of the co operative entered into an agreement to sell its assets to Kingswood. Following the completion of the deal in late October, Kingswood began operating the retail assets as a for profit business.

MEC operated twenty two retail stores and a "Corporate & Group Sales" store for large orders. Some MEC stores incorporated eco friendly designs. The Ottawa and Winnipeg stores were the first and second retail buildings in Canada to comply with Canada's C2000 Green Building Standard, which acknowledges buildings that achieve energy consumption 50% less than similar conventional structures. The organization designed and produced a significant proportion of its retail products and also carried other well known brands. A significant proportion of the company's inventory was manufactured in Asia, with names and addresses of partner factories made publicly available on the co op's website. MECs' stated aim is to inspire and enable people to lead active, outdoor lifestyles. They accomplish this by selling outdoor gear, clothing and services. MEC's head office and telephone service centre were located in Vancouver. Its distribution centres were located in Brampton, Ontario and Surrey, British Columbia.

Chris Strashok, the author of an academic study, remarked in 2011 that "currently there are 3.3 million member owners making MEC the fourth largest democratic entity in Canada, after the governments of Canada, Ontario and Québec." Each year, every member of MEC has the opportunity to vote in the elections for its board of directors, as well as on "special resolutions", through a variety of methods. Before the election period, an information package with platforms of candidates and information on resolutions is distributed. Election results are announced at the annual general meeting. MEC is governed by a nine member board of directors. Each year, three directors are elected to three year terms. MEC holds its annual general meeting in Vancouver, BC. At this meeting, the Chief Executive Officer and Committee members deliver their annual reports, and answer questions from co op members. "Other resolutions" may also be brought forward and voted upon. The AGM is typically webcast and members can log in and ask questions. Typically, members recite their member numbers before speaking and these numbers are recorded in the official meeting transcript.

Strashok remarked in 2011 that, "profits are either shared among member owners based on how much the member uses the co operative or invested back into the co operative to improve the services provided to the members, and to sustain the business. Because of this, MEC is financially conservative, growing slowly and taking few risks. This can be challenging when the business is moving through different stages of growth. It does, however, create space for creative solutions and capital remains local benefiting the communities in which MEC operates." Share redemptions were carried out, for example through gift cards, and may have required a policy affirmation. Thus MEC found a means of treating each member as equal, regardless of purchases and shares earned. In 2020 the 5.7 million members had a paid up capital of $192 million, well above the $5 initiation fee per member. while in 2011 Strashok produced a case study that focused on its promotion of sustainable development. MEC committed to the goal of sourcing 100% Bluesign approved fabrics by 2020. In 2019, 88% of MEC apparel and sleeping bag materials were Bluesign certified. Bluesign is a third party environmental, health and safety standard for the textiles industry. MEC promotes a variety of outdoor education opportunities to its members by an online calendar of events. In December 2007, MEC became the first retailer in Canada to stop selling water bottles and food containers containing bisphenol A, a chemical that is used to make some plastics and has been linked in some studies to increased incidence of cancer and other diseases. In 2008, MEC eliminated all single use shopping bags from its stores. In 2010 MEC launched a new green building initiative called MEC GBS (Green Building Systems). The aim of the initiative was to ensure MEC leaders in building and operating environmentally friendly facilities. Its Winnipeg, Longueuil, Burlington and North Vancouver stores, as well as its Montreal office received LEED Gold ratings. Its Winnipeg, Montreal and Ottawa stores also comply with C2000 standards (Natural Resources Canada's Advanced Commercial Buildings Program). In March 2018, MEC announced that it would no longer stock products made by Vista Outdoor, in response to the 2018 NRA boycott, in the wake of the Stoneman Douglas High School shooting, because some of Vista Outdoor's profits are derived from the production of assault weapons.

In 2006 MEC began a national program of outdoor "festivals" in every city in Canada that the organization had a store. MEC Paddlefest was the first of these,

From 2009 to 2011 MEC expanded its traditional back country products to include urban outdoor pursuits. Road running, bicycles and yoga apparel were introduced and became significant components of MEC's marketing focus. In November 2009 MEC began selling MEC branded bikes in seven stores: Vancouver, Calgary, Winnipeg, Burlington, Toronto, Montreal and Longueuil. In 2015, MEC offered 58 different models including road bikes, mountain bikes, hybrid and urban bikes. Some models are designed specifically for women or children. In 2012 MEC also began selling a selection of Ghost Bikes, in late 2013 added Ridley Bikes who made the choice to bet on the success of MEC instead of existing distributor Live To Play Sports,

In November 2010, as the MEC petitioned North Vancouver for permission to re zone a property for expansion of its retail operation there, Jayson Faulkner, a competitor who owned Escape Route, took issue with the income tax rules under which the MEC was able to "amass hundreds of millions of dollars in patronage dividends that were never taxed or paid out to members, thus creating a huge pool of cash to fund its dramatic expansion." Faulkner wrote that "MEC is able to generate working capital at 10x the rate of all its competitors MEC is absolutely no different than any other very large corporation operating in Canada. They are an aggressive, predatory competitor who will do whatever it takes to ensure they continue to grow and eat up market share, which is already 70 80% in some product categories They have in the past and present, undertaken decisions and policies that will aggressively protect their own interests. “Lead pipe” capitalism is alive and well at MEC." The petition succeeded.

In 2012, when MEC had 15 stores, its marketing name was changed from Mountain Equipment Co op to just MEC, to reflect the changed focus of the organization. On 18 June 2013, Mountain Equipment rebranded their logo, replacing the twin mountain peaks with a green square containing the text "MEC" in bold. In 2013 the "earnings before patronage return and income taxes" was $10 million, and in 2014 was $8 million, on sales that year of $336 million; cost of sales was $226 million and cost of administration was $105 million.

Over the four year period to 2011–2015, the board of directors made it increasingly difficult for members lacking specific educational and experience qualifications to run for board membership. Former board chairman Anders Ourom, who had been a member of the MEC board for nine years, was even disqualified for election in 2012, as unqualified. Former board chairman Chris McNeil, who had served on the board for 20 years, said, "if there are too many people with sophisticated backgrounds, they will have a mindset or bias there because of the type of person you're asking for." MEC co founder Jim Byers, observed, "they've become captured by the very retail structures that we fought against." Governance consultant Mark Latham said, "I don't think members' interests are well protected by the governance as it is now." By this time the board was able to disqualify board candidates and disregard member resolutions it disliked. As of 2014 year end, subsidiary 1314625 Ontario Limited was "substantially inactive" according to the audit firm of KPMG. On August 10, 2017, it was reported by the Corporate Registrar of BC that as of August 2, 1314625 Ontario Limited had been listed as an extraprovincial company having business as a foreign entity in BC.

In November 2018, South African born CEO David Labistour announced his plans to leave MEC, after 11 years as CEO. In May 2019 the former chief financial officer at Best Buy Canada, Philippe Arrata, was appointed as CEO of MEC. Arrata had been an MEC board member between 2015 and 2018, and was also an adjunct professor at the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business. In December 2019, MEC announced a net loss of $11.5 million for the fiscal year that had ended February 24, 2019, which included restructuring charges of $8.5 million. This compared to net earnings of $11.7 million a year earlier. In May 2020 Steve Grant, a former MEC staff member and former member of the board of directors, along with other long term members, accused the MEC board of rigging its own elections since 2012, to allow it to stack the board with its own preferred members. The board had amended its own rules to allow it to recommend candidates on the ballot that it wanted elected and exclude candidates it deemed unqualified. As of September 14, 2020, MEC owed a syndicate of lenders $74 million. It had suffered losses and laid off 900 employees, in part because of the COVID 19 pandemic. MEC expected to owe $92.4 million by the end of November. Its year end financial statement indicates that had "lost $11.487 million in 2019 on sales of $462 million", partly due to COVID 19. At that time, the co op had 5 million members.

On September 14, 2020, it was announced that MEC's assets, including the majority of its retail stores, would be acquired by private equity firm Kingswood Capital Management, LP in a deal under the federal Companies' Creditors Arrangement Act. Kingswood Capital Management plans to retain at least 17 of the 22 existing stores as well as up to 75% of the staff and operate the stores as a chain, using the existing MEC name and branding. Following the completion of the sale, the co operative itself will continue to formally exist for the time being, but its retail activities will cease. The decision to sell its assets to Kingswood was met with objection from some co op members. A petition was started on Change. org "calling on the MEC Board of Directors to cancel the deal, and hold immediate open, fair and democratic board elections". It had accumulated 73,600 signatures in its first four days. By September 26, 2020 the petition had exceeded 136,000 signatures. In an official announcement on September 18, 2020 Judi Richardson, Chair of the MEC Board of Directors, addressed members, writing, "We recognize this has been an unsettling week for members. The sale of MEC's business, and the decision to move the business away from the co operative model was, after all, a very difficult decision – but it was the right one. Facing a stark choice, we chose to preserve employment opportunities, a larger store presence, and a commitment to MEC's ethos rather than fold up the MEC tent for good." In explaining why there was no communication with members on the sale she indicated that the board had prioritized "preserving jobs and saving MEC from bankruptcy or liquidation. In short, we prioritized MEC's survival." She indicated that while under CCAA protection, "a member vote (or in the case of corporations, a shareholder vote) is not required" to sell the assets of the organization. MEC founding board member Sara Golling said in a September 18, 2020 interview that she felt "grief and betrayal" at the sale of the co op's assets to a private US investment firm. She stated, "MEC was a co op, and one of the co operative principles is democratic member control. The members were never consulted about this. We were never warned just how bad conditions were for MEC. We knew it was bad but we had rather hoped [the co op] could survive this rough patch. We weren't given any voice at all in what happened. We were totally ignored by the board when perhaps we could have helped." When asked, "would you shop at MEC again? Golling replied, "At this point, I kind of doubt it. Why would I? I feel so disappointed. So betrayed." On September 21, a group of shareholders announced that it had raised $50,000 through a GoFundMe campaign in order to be represented in the CCAA process by Victory Square Law Office of Vancouver, and in order "to hold an emergency members' meeting to replace the board of directors". Co operatives and Mutuals Canada and the British Columbia Co op Association asked government to "make sure legislation governing co ops has been respected in the deal," and questioned the use of the CCAA in relation to the BC Co operative Association Act. On September 24, it was reported that Robert Wallis, the board member who chaired the special committee that sought from March 2020 a "strategic alternative" to its own management filed an affidavit in which the then current board said that it considered "impractical to impossible" an early disclosure to shareholders of the difficulties encountered by the then current board with their continued management of the retail business, which then included a subsidiary, 1314625 Ontario Limited. The then current board found "negligible" the chance that shareholders might raise sufficient funds. The burn rate of the money losing business was then approximately $1.6 million per week. The Wallis affidavit restated the losses for year 2018 2019 as $31.4 million as opposed to the $11.5 million previously published, and disclosed that $24.5 million had been lost in the 2019 2020 business year. The Wallis affidavit listed at great length the alternatives sought by the special committee, and stated that full and fair disclosure to shareholders as part of a rights issue "could have had a negative impact on MEC's business, including its relationships with suppliers and landlords and its search for new financing or for a buyer." The conduct of the special committee was influenced by the participation of a Financial Advisor (FTI Consulting) who were retained by the Royal Bank of Canada, who were lead banker in the lenders' consortium. On September 22, the court appointed monitor, Alvarez & Marsal Canada Inc, urged the BC Supreme Court to endorse the $110 million sale to Kingswood in a hearing that was scheduled to occur on September 28. The Globe and Mail reported that between February 23 and September 6, 2020, MEC had a net loss of $20.9 million on sales of $162.8 million. The financial advisor to the liquidation process "contacted 158 parties; nine of them ultimately signed a letter of intent contemplating an acquisition of most or all of the assets." MEC owned outright six of 22 retail locations: North York, North Vancouver, Ottawa, Burlington, Calgary and Winnipeg, which had a collective book value of $65.9 million. The Surrey distribution centre had a book value of $24.4 million. On September 25 it was disclosed in the Save MEC Notice of Application for intervenor status that the stakeholding of the 5.7 million members amounted to $192 million, or an average of $33 per member, who represented 22% of the working age population of Canada. On September 28, the current management responded in a court filing, which said they doubted the ability of Save MEC to address the significant "cash flow issues, noting that the proposed sources of potential funding don't involve concrete commitments or realistic options" and remarked that they feared "the proposed adjournment would put the deal (with Kingswood) in jeopardy."