Қосымша ұрық бездерінің сирек туа біткен аномалиясы

Polyorchidism is the incidence of more than two testicles. It is a very rare congenital disorder, with fewer than 200 cases reported in medical literature and six cases (two horses, two dogs and two cats) in veterinary literature. Polyorchidism is generally diagnosed via an ultrasound examination of the testicles. However, the diagnosis of polyorchidism should include histological confirmation. The most common form is triorchidism, or tritestes, where three testicles are present. The condition is usually asymptomatic. A man who has polyorchidism is known as a polyorchid.

Polyorchidism occurs in two primary forms: Type A and Type B. between connected and disconnected testicles:
Type 1: The supernumerary testicle lacks an epididymis and vas deferens and has no connection to the other testicles. Type 2: The supernumerary testicle shares the epididymis and the vas deferens of the other testicles. Type 3: The supernumerary testicle has its own epididymis and shares a vas deferens. Type 4: Complete duplication of the testicle, epididymis and vas deferens.

Most cases of polyorchidism are asymptomatic, and are discovered incidentally, in the course of treating another condition. In the majority of cases, the supernumerary testicle is found in the scrotum. However, it is not clear whether polyorchidism causes or aggravates these conditions, or whether the existence of these conditions leads sufferers to seek medical attention and thus become diagnosed with a previously undetected supernumerary testicle.

Because polyorchidism is very uncommon, there is no standard treatment for the condition. Prior to advances in ultrasound technology, it was common practice to remove the supernumerary testicle. Several cases have been described where routine follow up examinations conducted over a period of years showed that the supernumerary testicle was stable. A meta analysis in 2009 suggested removing non scrotal supernumerary testicles because of the increased risk of cancer, and regular follow up in the remaining cases to ensure that the supernumerary testicle remains stable.