Джеймс Ривер көпірі: тарихы мен дамуы

the bridge in Richmond

The privately owned James River Bridge Corporation was chartered by the General Assembly to build a system of bridges across the James River, Chuckatuck Creek, and Nansemond River, as well as approach roads. On the Newport News end, the bridge simply ended at an intersection with State Route 39/U. S. Route 60 (Virginia Avenue, now Warwick Boulevard). However, a large system of approach roads, including two smaller toll bridges, was built on the Isle of Wight County side. Traffic coming off the bridge reached a Y intersection at Bartlett, at which it could head west over a private approach road past Carrollton to State Route 10 at Benns Church, or head southeast into Nansemond County. The first of the two smaller bridges was the Crittenden Bridge over Chuckatuck Creek (the county line) at Crittenden, and the second, after passing the road to Hobson and Chuckatuck (now State Route 628), was the Nansemond River Bridge over the Nansemond River. The end of the private approach road was at the current intersection of Bennetts Pasture Road (State Route 627) and Lee Farm Lane (State Route 701), where one could go south to State Route 10 (now State Route 337) at Driver. So the James River Bridge System served not only traffic crossing the James River, but also traffic along State Route 10; the 1928 Chuckatuck Driver Kings Highway Bridge (now State Route 125) competed with the James River Bridge System for this traffic. Projected traffic volumes were not reached, leading to bankruptcy of the James River Bridge Corporation. It was bought by bondholders, headed by a local businessman from Smithfield. The new owners raised tolls, proving unpopular with local residents. Chapter 399 of the Acts of Virginia of 1940 authorized the SHC to acquire the James River Bridge System, consisting of the three bridges and approach roads. The SHC bought the system from the corporation for $5.6 million on September 30, 1949. (equivalent to $5.6 in 1949 is equivalent to about <calculated amount> in recent years million in dollars). The $5.2 million James River Bridge was opened on November 17, 1928, by the press of a button in Washington, D. C., where U. S. President Calvin Coolidge, sitting in the Oval Office of the White House, sent an electric signal to lower into place the upraised lift span over the James River channel. Drivers could now choose to cross Hampton Roads on a fixed bridge rather than one of many ferries. The new bridge was narrow by current standards, with a 20 feet (6 m) roadway from curb to curb, and railings much less substantial than found on modern structures. The main lift span was 300 feet (91 m) long; the other two bridges included 110 feet (34 m) bascule spans. In 1928, State Route 503, a state highway from Portsmouth via Churchland and Belleville to the private approach road south of the Nansemond River, was added to the state highway system. This designation was removed in 1931. U. S. Route 17 was moved onto this alignment (from one of the ferries) by 1932, and still uses it today. As early as 1933, the State Highway Commission (SHC) considered taking over the bridge approaches but not the bridges themselves from the corporation. State Route 258, now part of U. S. Route 258, was extended over the Benns Church approach and bridge by late 1943 to reach the new Mercury Boulevard. In 1949, the sate brought the bridge from the previous owners. In 1951, State Route 32 was extended from Suffolk over the bridge to end in Newport News, completely overlapped with other routes, "to facilitate the routing of traffic over the James River Bridge System, between points north of Newport News and south of Suffolk". In 1955, the state doubled tolls to $1.80 round trip for cars (equivalent to $1.8 in 1955 is equivalent to about <calculated amount> in recent years in dollars) and $4.00 or more for trucks Many considered this an important step in the development of the area. In 1978, Bicycles, mopeds, and pedestrians were banned from using the bridge; the easternmost crossing for them is the Jamestown Ferry, about 25 mile (40 km) upstream. The State Highway and Transportation Commission banned these transportation modes from using the bridge in 1978 "in the interest of safety", due to high traffic and lack of sidewalks. Once the replacement bridge was completed, they returned to the question in 1983, and decided to continue the ban, since the new bridge also had no sidewalks or sufficient recovery area. A new four lane lift bridge was completed in stages from 1975 to 1982. During construction, the two southbound lanes of the new bridge were completed first and carried northbound traffic while the old bridge carried two lanes of southbound traffic until the northbound lanes of the new bridge were completed. When the northbound lanes of the new bridge opened the old bridge was demolished, but a 0.75 mile (1 km) section on the Newport News side was retained for use as a fishing pier. Now known as the James River Pier, it is the longest fishing pier on the East Coast. At the Newport News end, traffic approaches the bridge at a six ramp partial cloverleaf interchange, where Mercury Boulevard (carrying U. S. Route 17, U. S. Route 258, and State Route 32 onto the bridge) passes over Warwick Boulevard (U. S. Route 60). After an intersection with River Road and the entrance to Huntington Park, the four lane divided bridge begins, lying to the southeast a part of the old bridge that remains as a fishing pier. The lift span over the shipping channel, with a clearance of when raised and when lowered, is about 1/4 of the way along the bridge. This allows ocean going ships to pass en route to civilian port facilities in Hopewell and at the Port of Richmond. The roadway becomes Carrollton Boulevard on the Isle of Wight County end; after a number of intersections, US 258 and SR 32 turn west at Bartlett towards State Route 10 at Benns Church, while US 17 curves southeast towards Portsmouth. The nearest upstream crossing of the James River is the Jamestown Ferry (State Route 31); the next fixed crossing is the 1966 Benjamin Harrison Bridge (State Route 156) at Hopewell. When the bridge opened in 1928, the next bridge upstream was the 1913 Mayo Bridge in Richmond. Downstream, both crossings of Hampton Roads are bridge tunnels for military reasons: the 1992 Monitor Merrimac Bridge Tunnel (Interstate 664) and 1957 Hampton Roads Bridge Tunnel (Interstate 64/U. S. Route 60). The toll building and parking area were used for maintenance workers, police, and tow truck drivers, from their usedness being obsoleted in 1976 up until 2002, when it was demolished after asbestos was discovered. Preservationists have argued the building had historic significance. Due to severe corrosion of the metal beams that supported the deck of the 86 year old bridge structure, the James River Pier was demolished and rebuilt with concrete in 2015.