Roland Jupiter-8: 1980-жылдардың аналогтық синтезаторы

Synthesizer made by Roland in the 1980s

The Jupiter 8, or JP 8, is an eight voice polyphonic analog subtractive synthesizer introduced by Roland Corporation in early 1981. The Jupiter 8 was Roland's flagship synthesizer for the first half of the 1980s. Approximately 3,300 units have been produced. Although it lacked the soon to be standard of MIDI control, later production series of the Jupiter 8 did include Roland's proprietary DCB interface. The instrument had many advanced features for its time, including the ability to split the keyboard into two zones, with separate patches active on each zone. Two years after the release of the Jupiter 8, Roland released the more affordable Jupiter 6 synthesizer with built in MIDI control but an otherwise slightly reduced set of features. In 2011, three decades after the release of the original Jupiter series, Roland released the fully digital Jupiter 80 and Jupiter 50 synthesizers as successors to the 1980s originals. They were in turn succeeded by the Jupiter X and Jupiter Xm in 2019. A Jupiter 8 plug out was included already installed on the Roland System 8 synthesizer, in 2017.

The Jupiter 8 is an 8 voice polyphonic analog synthesizer. Each voice features two discrete VCOs with cross modulation and sync, pulse width modulation, a non resonant high pass filter, a resonant Low pass filter with 2 pole (12 dB/octave) and 4 pole (24 dB/octave) settings, an LFO with variable waveforms and routings, and two envelope generators (one invertible). Features include adjustable polyphonic portamento and a hold function for infinite sustain of notes and arpeggios. A versatile arpeggiator can be synchronized with external equipment by using the proprietary Roland DCB interface, clock input via CV jacks on the rear panel. An assignable bender can be used to control pitch or filter frequency. The Jupiter 8 includes balanced stereo XLR outputs as well as unbalanced 1/4" outputs. In addition to monophonic and polyphonic modes, the Jupiter 8 includes a unique polyphonic unison mode, in which all 16 oscillators can be stacked onto one note, but divide down if more keys are pressed. No other polyphonic synthesizer at the time had this feature. A Zilog Z80 CPU was used for managing storage of patches, scanning the keyboard and front panel controls for changes, displaying the current patch number and other information on the display and taking care of the auto tune function, among other operations. The VCF was based on the custom Roland IR3109 IC (also used in the filter circuits of the Jupiter 6, later Jupiter 4 and Promars units, MKS 80 rev 4, Juno 6/Juno 60/Juno 106, SH 101, MC 202, JX 3P and packaged in the 80017a chip used in the Juno 106 and MKS 30, among others). The VCA was the BA662, used also in Juno 6/60/106, JX 3P and TB 303. The envelopes were generated in hardware by the Roland IR3R01 chip (also in the Juno 6/60), and are much faster (1ms attack) than the software generated envelopes used in the later Jupiter 6, Juno 106 and MKS 80 "Super Jupiter".

There are claims that early models had unstable tuning, mainly due to DAC board resolution. Beginning with serial number 171700, the 12 bit DAC was upgraded to a 14 bit DAC. This increased the resolution of the CV voltages that control the analog circuitry. The soldered in battery typically lasts ten years or more, ranking these boards among the lowest maintenance of their generation.

The wide range of sounds that the Jupiter 8 can produce, the efficient front panel layout (each synthesizer sound parameter adjustment had its own dedicated controller), and its sturdy construction, make the Jupiter 8 a venerable and desirable instrument even 35 years after it was first produced. Units in good condition still fetch significantly more at auction than most new synthesizers, suggesting that the Jupiter 8 will continue to be heard for years to come. While the characteristic sound of the Jupiter 8 can be heard on many songs from the early 1980s onward, it is still being recorded to this day. For example, Alicia Keys can be seen playing one in the video for her number one hit "No One" from September 2007.

Throughout the production of the JP 8 there were several changes. Starting at serial #171700 the D/A converter on the Interface board was changed from 12 bit to 14 bit. This change was made mainly to improve tuning stability. The problem with the 12 bit digital to analog converter on the original JP 8 is that it could cause the autotune to be inaccurate in some instances. Some say to avoid these early JP 8's while others say they haven't experienced tuning problems. Starting at serial #242750 the LEDs of the display were changed to brighter ones. Starting at serial #282880 the JP 8 came standard with a DCB port. These newer JP 8's may be referred to as JP 8A's. DCB, or Digital Control Bus, was Roland's pre MIDI interface that allowed the JP 8 to talk to other DCB enabled hardware, such as the Roland MC 4 and MC 8 microcomposers. Previous JP 8's had the option of having the OC 8 retrofit installed to give it DCB capability. The Jupiter 6 was released 2 years after the JP 8 and was an attempt at more affordable version of Roland's flagship. It features a similar voice architecture and appearance. It stored fewer patches, and had six voices. In order to make it cheaper to manufacture, a move towards integrated circuits (Curtis) was made, to replace discrete circuits used in JP 8's oscillators and amplifiers. The JP 6 is built using CEM3340 chip for its oscillators, and CEM3360 for its voltage controlled amplifiers. These changes imparted a change in sonic character, meaning that the JP 6 is not simply a less expensive version of the JP 8, but an instrument with its own distinct sound. Additionally, the Jupiter 6 features a true multimode resonant filter, built in MIDI, unison detune function and the ability to activate multiple waveforms on a single oscillator. The Roland MKS 80 Super Jupiter is a MIDI controlled, rack mountable sound module with a similar voice architecture to the Jupiter 8. However, its first released incarnation in 1984 (revision 3 and 4) used hardware similar to its predecessor, the Jupiter 6 (which had a combination of Curtis VCO and VCA chips combined with Roland's own proprietary filters). In 1985, Roland released another revision of the MKS 80, known as Rev 5, which used different VCO, VCA and filter circuits. As a result, the MKS 80 Rev 5 can sound a bit different from its predecessors. The Rev 5 filter was also used in the JX 8P, JX 10 and MKS 70 synthesizers. At the 2007 NAMM show, French music software manufacturer Arturia announced, and subsequently released a software Jupiter 8 called Jupiter 8V. A 2007 review in Sound on Sound stated, "8V sounds much like Jupiter 8, but does a zillion things that the original could not." The Jupiter 8V is available in VST, AU, RTAS and AAX plugin formats. The Roland VariOS provides a mildly successful digital approximation of the Jupiter 8 using its "Varios 8" software. In 2011, Roland released the JUPITER 80 and JUPITER 50, which inherit much of the visual style of the Jupiter 8 and include Roland's SuperNATURAL, an extensive synthesis engine that includes virtual analog synthesis akin to a digital recreation of earlier Roland analog synths, as well as PCM based recreations of purely digital synths by the company and acoustic modelling of real instruments. Emulations of the original Jupiter 8 sounds were later released as a software instrument for both keyboards on Roland Axial as part of the Synth Legends series. On October 1, 2015, Roland released the Boutique line of compact synthesizers, which includes the JP 08 unit which has the same parameters and sound design as the Roland Jupiter 8. It uses Roland's ACB technology (Analog Circuit Behavior), which emulates the behavior of each single component of the original Jupiter 8 circuit. However, the JP 08 has only half the polyphony of the Jupiter 8, with 4 voices. An evolution of the JP 08, closer to the original Jupiter 8 with 8 voices, was released in 2017 as plug out synthesizer bundled as standard with the SYSTEM 8. In 2019, Roland released the Jupiter X and Jupiter Xm.