Атыс-қозғалыс тактикасы

Artillery tactic

Shoot and scoot (alternatively, fire and displace or fire and move) is an artillery tactic of firing at a target and then immediately moving away from the location from where the shots were fired to avoid counter battery fire, e. g., from enemy artillery.

The first recorded use of this tactic came from the Caucasian War where the Chechen Naib Talkhig of Shali became famous for his shoot and scoot tactics, termed nomadic artillery by Russians, in the 1830 1850s. According to the Russian historian and professor Nikolay Smirnov, he was one of the first commanders to use this tactic.

The need for such tactics in World War II became obvious from the noticeable smoke signature produced by the use of anti tank infantry weapons such as the German Panzerfaust anti tank grenade launcher, the American M1 bazooka and its German Panzerschreck derivative anti tank rocket launchers, and also by the various models of Nebelwerfer and Wurfrahmen 40 German barrage rocket systems. In modern times, moving after firing is important, as there are a multitude of electronic systems, such as counter battery radar that can automatically detect artillery fire in near real time and direct counter battery fire from friendly artillery. It may be used by Indian Pinaka MBRL or Russian Grad, Uragan, and Smerch, although originally systems like Grad used more traditional tactics.

The tactic has also been adapted for more general use with self propelled gun batteries (such as the US M109 Paladin or German PzH2000).

A refined version are gun manoeuvre areas developed by UK for use by AS 90 batteries when the counter battery threat is high. These areas cover several square kilometres and the guns move around in them in pairs. The difficult decision is deciding how long guns can remain in one place before moving. This requires judgement about the enemy's counter battery responsiveness. In these areas, the battery's command elements remain in one place and there are various options for replenishing the guns' on board ammunition. The tactic is affected by the rate of fire of the manoeuvring guns and the time it takes them to come out of action. However, it is also very wearing on the gun crews and for sustained use relief crews are essential.

South African Defence Force G6 Howitzers used the technique very effectively in Angola against Cuban forces in the Battle of Cuito Cuanavale.