Мидгэм ауылының тарихы мен географиясы

Midgham is a village and civil parish occupying slopes and the flood plain on the north side of the River Kennet, which in summer months draws much of the water from the valley. It has smaller watercourses alongside. It is centred 6 mile (10 km) east of Newbury and 2 mile (3 km) east of Thatcham. The north of the parish is 4.5 mile (7 km) south of the M4 motorway.

The village extends from New Road Hill to, Woolhampton Lock in the east, West Berkshire Crematorium in the west, Midgham Marsh (south of the A4 road) in the south and to Midgham Green to the north. Its elevations range from above sea level. Midgham Wood covers most of the north west and Channel Wood covers most of the north east eighth of the parish. The vast majority of the other green space is cultivated land, pasture or hay meadows. The lowland area of lakes, river and canal is greater than that covered by roads across the whole parish, according to the 2005 Office for National Statistics survey.

Few if any Roman traces have been found in the parish but there is known to be a Roman Road with a river crossing on Midgham Marsh. Midgham was, in the early medieval period, a township in Thatcham parish and is recorded in the Domesday Book of 1086 as such. A watermill is recorded here valued at 14 shillings (£0.70) per year. Giles Pinkney had been granted it by William the Conqueror or William II. Pinkney divided it into three sub manors (this parish saw subinfeudation): Erley's manor centred on Midgham House plus two unnamed manors, occasionally later named after the families of some of their longest owners 'Chenduit' and 'Everard'. There were three sub tenants of part, Almær, Ragner and Gilbert in 1086, who held 3 virgates, 1 virgate and 1 hide and 1½ virgates respectively.

In a University College London work of 2012, British Slave Ownership, Midgham House is shown as home of James Johnstone, sole proprietor of the Whitehall estate in 1835. The records state that he was recompensed by the British Government as part of the abolition of slavery in Britain and her colonies with £5,295 17s 0d (5295.8 in 1835 is equivalent to about <calculated amount> in recent years of petty expenditure however as a lump sum of capital far more), for 294 enslaved (claim for Jamaica St Mary 168).

Benjamin Buck Greene, who later became Governor of the Bank of England, purchased the estate in 1856. He had the village chapel, which was near the house and not near the people, demolished in 1868 and the new church completed in the following year. He was followed on his death by Mr A. F. Clarke from 1908 until at least the 1920s. From 1947 until 1955 this country estate was owned by the Earl of Clarendon.

Midgham had its own chapel from at least 1309. The Chapel of Saint Margaret stood a little to the north east of the present building (see above section). Midgham was part of the parish of Thatcham until 1857 when Greene, the new squire and lord of the manor, appointed the first vicar (Rev. John Errington) for the proposed Church of England parish church dedicated to Saint Matthew. 13th century in style, the church was built by the architect John Johnson. The bell tower has an embattled parapet and an octagonal stone spire. There is a peal of six bells the oldest of which is inscribed "Ellis and Henry Knight made mee 1674." The old chapel stood to the north east of the present building in the grounds of Midgham House. The registers begin in 1622. The church is part of a six parish benefice.

To avoid possible confusion with , the station in Woolhampton east of the area's bounds (which is therefore the nearest station to all but the far western borders of Midgham), was renamed in 1873. This station is a minor stop with regular services on the Reading to Taunton Line. Midgham Lock is on the Kennet and Avon Canal.

The village has a public house, The Coach and Horses. Midgham has a village green which is run by the parish council and a village hall run by its own committee. A variety of trees forms a sort of arboretum at Midgham Green in the north of the area. The main hall, on the Bath Road, is used for voluntary and social gatherings; its parish council allows it to be hired by fundraisers, lecturers and businesses.

+ 2011 Published Statistics: Population, home ownership and extracts from Physical Environment, surveyed in 2005Output areaHomes owned outrightOwned with a loanSocially rentedPrivately rentedOtherkm2 roadskm2 waterkm2 domestic gardensUsual residents km2Civil parish49 38 6 23 8 0.078 0.102 0.110 334 5.01