Филадельфия Жылдық Жиыны: Құрылысы мен тарихы

An introduction to the structure of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, the Quakers
The Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends, or simply the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting, or PYM, is the central organizing body for Quaker meetings in the Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States area, including parts of Pennsylvania, Maryland, Delaware and New Jersey.

Philadelphia Yearly Meeting is one of the oldest Yearly Meetings in the Religious Society of Friends. It traces its origins to 1682 when a monthly meeting of Friends in Philadelphia was established at the now demolished Bank Street Meeting House. By 1707, it had published its own "book of discipline", the standards and practices by which Friends worship, conduct business, and relate to one another and to the world. In 1827, it divided into two meetings in the Hicksite/Orthodox schism, each claiming the title of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. During this period, the two meetings were known by the location of their respective meetinghouses (Race Street for the Hicksite Friends and Arch Street for the Orthodox Friends). In 1955, the schism was healed and the two meetings were reunited. The Yearly Meeting is a member of Friends General Conference, the main national organization of unprogrammed Quaker Meetings. The Yearly Meeting is also a member of the National Council of Churches.

The governance of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting occurs through its three councils. The Administrative Council addresses matters of business, finance, and personnel. It serves as the Yearly Meeting's board of trustees with the same fiduciary responsibilities as those of the boards of other non profit organizations. The Quaker Life Council addresses matters of spirituality, Quaker faith, and Quaker practice in the world. Its members serve as a board of elders for the Yearly Meeting. The Nominating Council seeks and names members of the Yearly Meeting to candidacy for roles on the three councils, offering the names for approval to Friends at its annual sessions and its semi annual continuing sessions. Friends named to council positions serve for the terms defined in the Yearly Meeting's governance handbook. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting holds annual sessions for business to which all Friends in the Philadelphia area are invited. These meetings, generally multi day and residential, take place during the summer months at locations (usually college or universities with dormitories) within the four state area. Annual sessions are an opportunity for Friends to hear about changes to PYM during the previous year, to deliberate on matters brought to them by the councils, and to hear news and reports from other Yearly Meetings. In addition, Friends meet at Arch Street Friends Meeting House in continuing sessions held in March and November for worship and business matters which cannot wait for annual sessions. The Presiding Clerk officiates at the business sessions of Philadelphia Yearly Meeting. This role, as described by the Yearly Meeting's website, gives this description:"[The Presiding Clerk's] primary responsibility is to be present, modeling spiritual grounding and discernment, joining with those gathered to remain in worship with an attention to business and clerk accordingly. The clerk is the primary clerk for Annual and Continuing Sessions, preparing the agenda and the people who will be presenting or reporting. The clerk provides support and serves as a strategic thought partner to the General Secretary. They remain informed and knowledgeable about concerns before and the work of the governing councils. "The Yearly Meeting is overseen by a General Secretary. Christie Duncan Tessmer is the current general secretary and has been since the retirement of the previous general secretary, Arthur M. Larrabee, on August 25, 2014. She was previously the associate secretary for program and religious life for PYM, a position she assumed in 2008. Philadelphia Yearly Meeting regularly reaffirms its commitment to the practices of diversity, equity, and inclusion in its relations with Friends and with society.

Westtown School, which was founded before the schism, and Haverford College and Bryn Mawr College became the educational mainstays of the Orthodox yearly meeting. George School and Swarthmore College were founded to provide education for the Hicksite students. While Westtown and George Schools remain under the indirect supervision of the reunited Yearly Meeting, both are functionally and financially independent of the Yearly Meeting, as are other Friends Schools in the area. They may be governed by members of the Society of Friends, but they are structurally independent of the Monthly and Yearly Meetings. Bryn Mawr and Haverford Colleges have no formal relationship with the meeting.