Фосфор трихлориді: қасиеттері мен қолданылуы

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| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 450796811
| Name = Phosphorus trichloride
| ImageFile = Phosphorus trichloride 2D dimensions. png
| ImageName = Phosphorus trichloride
| ImageFile1 = Phosphorus trichloride 3D vdW. png
| ImageName1 = Phosphorus trichloride
| ImageFile2 = Phosphorus trichloride 25ml. jpg
| ImageSize2 = 250px
| IUPACName = Phosphorus trichloride
| SystematicName = Trichlorophosphane
| OtherNames = Phosphorus(III) chloridePhosphorous chloride
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| Section2 = Chembox Properties
| Formula = PCl3
| MolarMass = 137.33 g/mol
| Appearance = Colorless to yellow fuming liquid corrosive
| ExternalSDS = ICSC 0696
| GHSPictograms =
| GHSSignalWord = Danger
| GHS ref =
| HPhrases =
| PPhrases =
| NFPA H = 4
| NFPA F = 0
| NFPA R = 2
| NFPA S = W
| FlashPt =
| LD50 = 18 mg/kg (rat, oral)
| IDLH = 25 ppm
| LC50 = 104 ppm (rat, 4 hr)50 ppm (guinea pig, 4 hr) Later during the same year, the English chemist Humphry Davy produced phosphorus trichloride by burning phosphorus in chlorine gas.

It has a trigonal pyramidal shape. Its 31P NMR spectrum exhibits a singlet around +220 ppm with reference to a phosphoric acid standard.

The phosphorus in PCl3 is often considered to have the +3 oxidation state and the chlorine atoms are considered to be in the −1 oxidation state. Most of its reactivity is consistent with this description.

PCl3 is a precursor to other phosphorus compounds, undergoing oxidation to phosphorus pentachloride (PCl5), thiophosphoryl chloride (PSCl3), or phosphorus oxychloride (POCl3).

PCl3, like the more popular phosphorus trifluoride, is a ligand in coordination chemistry. One example is Mo(CO)5PCl3.

PCl3 is important indirectly as a precursor to PCl5, POCl3 and PSCl3, which are used in many applications, including herbicides, insecticides, plasticisers, oil additives, and flame retardants. For example, oxidation of PCl3 gives POCl3, which is used for the manufacture of triphenyl phosphate and tricresyl phosphate, which find application as flame retardants and plasticisers for PVC. They are also used to make insecticides such as diazinon. Phosphonates include the herbicide glyphosate. PCl3 is the precursor to triphenylphosphine for the Wittig reaction, and phosphite esters which may be used as industrial intermediates, or used in the Horner Wadsworth Emmons reaction, both important methods for making alkenes. It can be used to make trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO), used as an extraction agent, although TOPO is usually made via the corresponding phosphine. PCl3 is also used directly as a reagent in organic synthesis. It is used to convert primary and secondary alcohols into alkyl chlorides, or carboxylic acids into acyl chlorides, although thionyl chloride generally gives better yields than PCl3.