Үнді кинорежиссері Хришикеш Мукерджи өмірі мен шығармашылығы

Indian film director

Hrishikesh Mukherjee (30 September 1922 – 27 August 2006) was an Indian film director, editor and writer. He is regarded as one of the greatest filmmakers of Indian cinema. Popularly known as Hrishi da, he directed 42 films during his career spanning over four decades, and is named the pioneer of the 'middle cinema' of India. Renowned for his social films that reflected the changing middle class ethos, Mukherjee "carved a middle path between the extravagance of mainstream cinema and the stark realism of art cinema". He is known for a number of films, including Anari, Satyakam, Chupke Chupke, Anupama, Anand, [[Abhimaan (1973 film), Guddi, Gol Maal, Majhli Didi, Chaitali, Aashirwad, Bawarchi, Khubsoorat, Kissi Se Na Kehna, and Namak Haraam. He also remained the chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) and of the National Film Development Corporation (NFDC). He studied science and graduated in chemistry from the University of Calcutta. He taught mathematics and science for some time before taking up filmmaking as a career.

Mukherjee chose to begin working, initially as a cameraman, and then film editor, in B. N. Sircar's New Theatres in Calcutta in the late 1940s, where he learned his skills from Subodh Mitter ('Kenchida'), a well known editor of his times. He then worked with Bimal Roy in Mumbai as film editor and assistant director from 1951, participating in the landmark Roy films Do Bigha Zamin and Devdas. His debut directorial venture, Musafir (1957), was not a success, but he persisted and received acclaim for his second film Anari in 1959. The film, crew and cast won five Filmfare Awards, with Mukherjee only losing the Best Director Award to his mentor, Bimal Roy. In the following years he made numerous films. Some of his most notable films include: Anuradha (1960), Chhaya (1961), Asli Naqli (1962), Anupama (1966), Aashirwad (1968), Satyakam (1969), Guddi (1971), Anand (1971), Bawarchi (1972), [[Abhimaan (1973 film) (1973), Namak Haraam (1973), Mili (1975), Chupke Chupke (1975), Alaap (1977), Gol Maal (1979), Khubsoorat (1980) and Bemisal (1982). He was the first to introduce Dharmendra in comedy roles, through Chupke Chupke, and gave Amitabh Bachchan his big break with Anand in 1970, along with Rajesh Khanna, he also introduced Jaya Bhaduri to Hindi cinema in his film Guddi. Having worked with his mentor, Bimal Roy as an editor, in films like Madhumati, he was much sought after as an editor as well.

Mukherjee was honoured with the Dadasaheb Phalke Award by the Government of India, in 1999. Mukherjee was chairman of the Central Board of Film Certification and of the National Film Development Corporation. He was also awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the second highest civilian award for his contribution to Indian cinema by government of India in 2001 The International Film Festival of India honoured him with a retrospective of his films in November 2005. He holds the distinction of working with almost all the top Indian stars since independence of India in 1947. His last film was Jhooth Bole Kauwa Kaate. Since his original hero Amol Palekar had grown old he had to cast Anil Kapoor. He has also directed TV serials like Talaash.

In later life, Mukherjee suffered from chronic kidney failure and would go to Lilavati Hospital for dialysis. He was admitted to Lilavati Hospital in Mumbai early on Tuesday, 6 June 2006 after he complained of uneasiness. Mukherjee died few weeks later on 27 August 2006.

Mukherjee was married and has three daughters and two sons. His wife died more than three decades before him. His younger brother Dwarkanath Mukherjee helped write the screenplay for many of his films. He was an animal lover and had many dogs and sometimes an odd cat at his residence in Bandra, Mumbai. He was staying with only his servants and pets in the last phase of his life. Family members and friends would visit him regularly.

Year Film Starring1957MusafirDilip Kumar, Kishore Kumar, Suchitra Sen and Usha Kiran.1959AnariRaj Kapoor, Nutan, Lalita Pawar and Motilal.1960AnuradhaBalraj Sahni, Leela Naidu1961ChhayaSunil Dutt, Asha ParekhMemdidiDavid, Jayant, Lalita Pawar, Asit Sen, Tanuja1962Asli NaqliDev Anand, SadhnaAashiqRaj Kapoor, Padmini1964Saanjh Aur SaveraGuru Dutt, Meena Kumari1966AnupamaDharmendra, Sharmila TagoreGabanSunil Dutt, SadhanaDo DilBiswajit, MumtazBiwi Aur MakanBiswajit, Kalpana Mohan, Mehmood1967Majhli DidiDharmendra, Meena Kumari1968AashirwadAshok Kumar1969SatyakamDharmendra, Sharmila TagorePyar Ka SapnaMala Sinha, Biswajeet, Ashok Kumar, Helen, Johnny Walker1971AnandRajesh Khanna, Amitabh BachchanGuddiDharmendra, Jaya Bhaduri, Utpal DuttBuddha Mil GayaOm Prakash, Navin Nischol, Deven Verma1972BawarchiRajesh Khanna, Jaya BhaduriSabse Bada SukhVijay Arora, Asrani1973[[Abhimaan (1973 film)Amitabh Bachchan, Jaya Bhaduri, AsraniNamak HaraamRajesh Khanna, Amitabh Bachchan, Rekha1974Phir Kab MilogiBiswajit, Mala Sinha, Deven Verma1975Chupke ChupkeDharmendra, Amitabh Bachchan, Sharmila Tagore, Jaya BhaduriMiliAmitabh Bachchan, Jaya BhaduriChaitaliDharmendra, Saira Banu1976Arjun PanditSanjeev Kumar, Ashok Kumar1977AlaapAmitabh Bachchan, RekhaKotwal SaabShatrughan Sinha, Aparna Sen1978NaukriRajesh Khanna, Zaheera, Raj Kapoor1979Gol MaalAmol Palekar, Utpal Dutt, Bindiya GoswamiJurmanaAmitabh Bachchan, Rakhee, Vinod Mehra1980KhubsooratRekha, Rakesh Roshan, Ashok Kumar1981Naram GaramAmol Palekar, Utpal Dutt, Swaroop Sampat, Shatrughan Sinha1982BemisalAmitabh Bachchan, Rakhee, Vinod Mehra1983Rang BirangiAmol Palekar, Parveen Babi, Deepti Naval, Farooq Sheikh1983Kissise Na KehnaUtpal Dutt, Deepti Naval, Farooq SheikhAchha BuraRaj Babbar, Anita Raj1985JhoothiRekha, Raj Babbar, Amol Palekar, Supriya Pathak, Deven Verma 1988NamumkinSanjeev Kumar, Raj Babbar, Zeenat Aman, Vinod Mehra1998Jhooth Bole Kauwa KaateAnil Kapoor, Juhi Chawla, Amrish Puri, Reema Lagoo