Иранның Ұлттық Мұнай Компаниясы

Oil and gas company of Iran

The National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC; شرکت ملّی نفت ایران) is a government owned national oil and natural gas producer and distributor under the direction of the Ministry of Petroleum of Iran. NIOC was established in 1948 and restructured under The Consortium Agreement of 1954. NIOC ranks as the world's second largest oil company, after Saudi Arabia's state owned Aramco. The NIOC is exclusively responsible for the exploration, drilling, production, distribution and export of crude oil, as well as exploration, extraction and sales of natural gas and liquefied natural gas (LNG). NIOC exports its surplus production according to commercial considerations determined by the OPEC and at the prices prevalent in the international markets. In early 2015 NIOC's recoverable liquid hydrocarbon reserves was (10% of world's total) and recoverable gas reserves were 33.79 m3 (15% of world's total). As at 2012, the NIOC production capacity included over of crude oil and in excess of 750 million cubic meters of natural gas per day. This was the first commercially significant find in the Middle East. In 1923, Burmah Oil employed future Prime Minister, Winston Churchill as a paid consultant; to lobby the British government to allow the Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) to have exclusive rights to Persian oil resources, which were successfully granted. In 1935, Rezā Shāh requested the international community to refer to Persia as 'Iran', which was reflected in the name change of the Anglo Persian Oil Company (APOC) to the Anglo Iranian Oil Company (AIOC).

In April 1951, the Majlis nationalized the Iranian oil industry by a unanimous vote, and the National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) was formed, displacing the AIOC. The AIOC withdrew its management from Iran and organised an effective worldwide embargo of Iranian oil. The British government, which owned the AIOC, contested the nationalization at the International Court of Justice at The Hague, but its complaint was dismissed. The anti Mossadeq plan was orchestrated by the CIA under the code name Operation Ajax, and by the British SIS (MI6) as Operation Boot. In 1954, the AIOC became British Petroleum. The return of the shah had not meant that British Petroleum was able to monopolise Iranian oil as before. Under pressure from United States, British Petroleum reluctantly accepted membership in a consortium of companies, founded in October 1954, to bring back Iranian oil to the international market. It was incorporated in London as a holding company called Iranian Oil Participants (IOP).

Iran began in 2006 with plans to create a global strategic petroleum reserve with the construction of 15 crude oil storage tanks with a planned capacity of The storage capacity of oil products in the country is around 11.5 billion liters (2011), but it will reach 16.7 billion liters by the end of the Fifth Five Year Development Plan (2010–2015). As of 2012, Iran is capable of storing crude oil in the Persian Gulf for a period of 10–12 days. The figure should hit 30–40 days after the construction of new storage facilities are completed.

Since 1995, National Iranian Oil Company (NIOC) has made significant oil and gas discoveries, standing for some of oil in place and at least of gas in place, which are listed below. +NIOC Oil Discoveries Since 1995. Field's nameOil in PlaceRecoverable oilDiscovery yearBillion BarrelBillion BarrelAzadegan Oil Field33.25.2Yadavaran Oil Field173Ramin Oil Field7.3981.112007South Pars Oil Layer6NABand E Karkeh Oil Field4.5NA2007MansourAbad Oil Field4.45NA2007Changoleh Oil Field2.7NAAzar Oil Field2.07NA2007Paranj Oil Field1.6NA2007Balaroud Oil Field1.10.2332007Binalood Oil Field0.7760.0992008Mansouri Oil Field0.750NA2008Asaluyeh Oil Field0.525NA2008Arvand Oil Field0.500NA2008Tusan Oil Field0.470NA2006Arash Gas Field0.168NATotal83.967NA

+NIOC Natural Gas Discoveries Since 1995. Field's nameGas in placeRecoverable gas reserveTrillion cubic feetBillion cubic metersTrillion cubic feetBillion cubic metersKish Gas FieldNA11–23310–650Sefid Zakhur Gas FieldYadavaran FieldNALavan Gas FieldNABalal Gas FieldNAHoma Gas FieldNAMarun FieldNAGardan Gas FieldNADay Gas FieldNABinak FieldNAKaranj Gas FieldNABibi Hakime Oil FieldNAZireh Gas FieldNAMasjed Soleiman FieldArash Gas FieldNAKheyrAbad Gas FieldNATotalNA

Name Position Board's Position Javad Owji Minister of Petroleum Chairman Mohsen Khojastemehr CEO Vice Chairman Ahmad Mohammadi CEO of NISOC Member of the board Karim Zobeidi Manager of Integrated Planning Member of the board Saeed Khoshrou Manager of International Affairs Member of the board Mohammad Bilkar Director of Finance Member of the board Seyyed Saleh HendiIranian Offshore Oil Company (IOOC)in charge of offshore oil fields in the Persian Gulf offshore oil and gas fields with the exception of South Pars. It focuses mainly on production platforms, ancillary facilities, and installations. Massive corruption in the lease of offshore platforms reported by the Iranian media in 2015. Iranian Central Oil Fields Company (ICOFC)supervises all upstream activities in the central oil and gas regions of the country, i. e. everything, excluding the oil rich southern Khuzestan province, Caspian and offshore. As of 2015, it is the largest natural gas producer in Iran. National Iranian Gas Export Co. (NIGEC)in charge of gas exports for the National Iranian Gas Company. Until May 2010, NIGEC was under the control of the NIOC, but the Petroleum Ministry transferred NIGEC, incorporating it under NIGC in an attempt to broaden responsibility for new natural gas projects. See also: Persian pipeline and Peace pipeline. National Iranian South Oil Company (NISOC)in charge of onshore oilfields in southern Iran. Focuses on onshore upstream activity in the province of Khuzestan. As Khuzestan is the main oil and gas producing province, this entity is among the most significant in the NIOC family. It produces approximately 80 percent of all crude oil produced in Iran. Pars Oil and Gas Co. is in charge of the offshore North and South Pars gas fields and responsible for awarding the contracts for the different phases. Since 2010, it has been raising capital on the domestic and international markets in order to finance its projects. South Pars CompanySouth Pars Gas Company is responsible for the refineries of the South Pars on shore, while POGC operates the platforms of the field, offshore. Pars Special Economic Energy Zone Co. handles and organizes all activities in the Pars Special Economic Energy Zone, located near the South Pars gas field (a subsidiary of Pars Oil & Gas Co.)Iranian Oil Terminals Companyhas four transport hubs including facilities on the three islands of Kharg, Lavan and Sirri consisting of 17 jetties capable of berthing tankers of all sizes to lift and export its crude oil that load more than 2,000 oil tankers per year. 2,000 of them dock in Bandar Abbas Port, 1,000 in Khark Island. Iran earned nearly $2 billion in 2009 from bunkering ships in the Persian Gulf (25% market share). Projected bunkering sites by 2015: Bandar Abbas (two sites), Kish, Qeshm, Bushehr, Mahshahr, Assalouyeh, Khark and Chabahar. Fujairah bunkering hub, UAE is Iran's main competitor in the Persian Gulf. The country's terminal storage capacity should soar to 100 million barrels by 2015 from the current 24 million barrels. National Iranian Drilling Company (NIDC)in charge of all offshore and onshore drilling activities. NIDC provides more than 90 percent of drilling services needed by the oil companies inside the country. In 2011, NIDC, drilled or completed 192 oil and gas wells, drilled 454 thousand meters of wells and provided more than 8 thousand expert or technical services to customers. As at 2012, 123 drilling rigs are in operation in Iran's offshore and onshore. On 2 July 2011, NIOC resumed oil swaps with Caspian states. NaftIran also buys the vast majority of Iran's gasoline imports. Naftiran is a key player in Iran's energy sector. PetroparsGeneral contractor for the oil & gas industry (a subsidiary of Naftiran Intertrade Co.)Petroiran Development Company (aka PetroIran or PEDCO)General offshore contractor (a subsidiary of Naftiran Intertrade Co.). PetroIran was initially formed to be the Iranian partner of foreign contractors with a 10% share in each buy back contract. Iranian Oil Company (UK)in charge of Rhum gasfield (a subsidiary of Naftiran Intertrade Co.)Iranian Offshore Engineering and Construction Company (IOEC)First Iranian general contractor to the oil and gas industries. Joint venture with IDROArvandan Oil & Gas Company (AOGC)responsible for the development of the Arvandan oil & gas fields. AOGC was established in 2004 working as the main operator in oil and gas production from Azadegan, Yadavaran, Darquain, Jufeyr, Moshtagh, Khorramshahr, Arvand, Susangerd, Band e Karkheh, Omid and other fields which are located in west of Karun River. Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI) NIOC will implement 69 research projects between 2010 and 2015 which include topics as enhancing recovery rate, modeling, control and management of reservoirs, production and exploitation, exploration, promotion and technology in drilling operations, establishment of an integrated data bank, industrial protection and environment, optimizing energy consumption, materials and equipments manufacturing, strategic and infrastructure studies, productivity and specialized maintenance. As of 2019, NIOC was conducting 25 major research projects worth nearly 700 billion rials (about $16 million). As of 2019, 300 knowledge based companies were active in the field of oil industry in Iran. See also: Science and technology in Iran and Petroleum University of Technology.

The cost of producing each barrel will rise to $30 or more from $7 in 2012. Iran currently allocates $20 billion a year to develop fields and $10 billion on maintaining output. In the next decade, maintaining production will cost $50 billion, with a similar sum required for development. as well as engineering. Iranian manufacturers will supply oil industry with $10 billion worth of domestically made goods and equipment in 2012. NIOC produces 60–70% of its industrial equipment domestically including towers, reactors, various turbines, refineries, oil tankers, oil rigs, offshore platforms, valves, pipelines, generators and exploration instruments. Iran is also cooperating with foreign companies to transfer technology to Iranian oil industry. The objective is to become self sufficient by 85% before 2015. The strategic goods include onshore and offshore drilling rigs, pumps, turbines and precision tools. Domestic production of 52 petrochemical catalysts will be started in 2013. In 2019, the government sub contracted projects worth 6.2 billion to domestic contractors. Pending projects include domestication of wellhead equipment, desalinating packages, anti corrosions, sulfur recovery catalysts, wellhead control panels, among others. According to NIOC in 2019, Iran was manufacturing 12,000 components and complicated equipment of the petroleum industry. In 2021, Iran announced that 820 domestic firms, including 182 knowledge based, have manufactured 85% of the parts or equipments needed by the oil and gas sector, worth some $5 billion. The companies have generated some 80,000 and 250,000 jobs directly and indirectly, respectively.

Iran owns 50% of the offshore gas field of Rhum in the North Sea, which is Britain's largest untapped gas field. It is a joint venture with BP worth $1 million a day at 15 June 2010 spot prices. is third on the list of companies with the highest level of emissions globally with in 2013, amounting to more than 3.1% of worldwide anthropogenic emissions.