Blackwater (waste)

Wastewater from toilets

Blackwater in a sanitation context denotes wastewater from toilets which likely contains pathogens that may spread by the fecal–oral route. Blackwater can contain feces, urine, water and toilet paper from flush toilets. Blackwater is distinguished from greywater, which comes from sinks, baths, washing machines, and other household appliances apart from toilets. Greywater results from washing food, clothing, dishes, as well as from showering or bathing. Blackwater and greywater are kept separate in "ecological buildings", such as autonomous buildings. Recreational vehicles often have separate holding tanks for greywater from showers and sinks, and blackwater from the toilet.

Blackwater contains pathogens that must decompose before they can be released safely into the environment. It is difficult to process blackwater if it contains a large quantity of excess water, or if it must be processed quickly, because of the high concentrations of organic material.

However, if blackwater does not contain excess water, or if it receives primary treatment to de water, then it is easily processed through composting. The heat produced by naturally occurring thermophilic microorganisms will heat the compost to over 60 °C (140 °F), and destroy potential pathogens. Blackwater generation can be avoided by making use of composting toilets and vermifilter toilets. In certain autonomous buildings, such as earthships, this is almost always present and allows the water requirements of the building (which, with earthships, are self generated) to be heavily reduced. Besides saving water, composting toilets allow the user to reuse the nutrients found therein (e. g., for growing crops/trees).