Бензоқосылыстардың құрылымы мен номенклатурасы

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In organic chemistry the addition of the prefix benzo to the name of a chemical compound indicates the addition of an even number of carbon atoms to an unsaturated or already aromatic compound by which a new aromatic ring is formed. Between the prefix benzo and the name of the parent compound then place of the addition of the extra carbon atoms is indicated by letters written between square brackets. Quite often the number of added carbon atoms is four, although sometimes two else will do the job as shown in the following table. The first entry also shows different routes to the name of the same molecule.

Parent compound Structural formula of parent compound Letters and numbers in the parent compound Structural formula of the benzocompound Benzocompound Anthracene Benzo[a]anthracene: by adding four extra carbon atoms to the parent compound, the leftmost upper ring is formed. Phenanthrene Benzo[b]fenanthrene: by adding four carbon atoms to the parent compound the right most ring is formed. Clearly this compound is identical to the compound above. As benzoant alphabetizes before benzophe (like numbers place letters first are omitted while indexing compounds, later on they are added again if necessary) the proper name for this compound is Benzo[a]anthracene. Pyrene Benzo[a]pyrene, by adding 4 carbon atoms to pyrene the left most ring is the extra one. Benzo[e]pyrene, by adding 4 carbon atoms to the pyrene along its short axis. Fluoranthene Benzo[b]fluoranthene, the left most ring is the extra ring, formed by adding four carbon atoms to the parent compound. Benzo[ghi]fluoranthene, the top left ring is the extra one, formed by adding two extra carbon atoms. Benzo[j]fluoranthene: by adding four carbon atoms to the parent compound, the ring at the bottom left is formed. Benzo[k]fluoranthene, the leftmost ring is the extra one, formed by adding four carbon atoms to the parent compound.