1980 жылғы қазан айының оқиғалары

Month of 1980

The following events happened in October 1980:

Roberto Viola, the former Argentine Army commander, was selected as the new President of Argentina by the South American nation's ruling three member military junta. A terrorist bomb injured 50 people, four fatally, in a Jewish synagogue in Paris, shortly after the Sabbath started at sunset. Outrage over the attack and against other acts of anti Semitism brought more than 100,000 protest marchers in Paris four days later. The Housing Act 1980 was given royal assent, wherein the five million English and Welsh residents of public housing council houses were eligible to purchase their homes under a "Right to Buy" program. Families that had rented a government built house or a flat (an apartment) for at least three years were eligible to buy the homes, many of which had been defective, at a discount of at least one third of fair market value for a house and 44% for a flat. The discount for 20 year tenants was 50 percent. Died: Gustav Wagner, 69, Austrian born Nazi German officer and deputy commander of the Sobibor extermination camp, committed suicide in Brazil, two years after efforts began to have him extradited.

Iraq announced the territorial waters of Iran were a "prohibited war zone" and that any vessel inside the zone was subject to destruction—including the ships of other countries besides Iran. The next day, Iranian troops defending Khurramshahr fired shells that sank three foreign cargo ships (registered in China, Panama and Dubai) and set two others on fire, killing at least 20 crewmen. U. S. Representative John Jenrette (D South Carolina) became the second member of Congress to be convicted of accepting an offer of a bribe in the FBI's Abscam investigation. He was defeated for re election four weeks later and resigned his seat on December 10, 24 days before the expiration of his term.

A group of 102 refugees from Haiti was spotted on the deserted island Lobos Cay by a U. S. Coast Guard airplane on patrol in the Caribbean. Lobos Cay, also referred to as Cayo Lobos (Spanish for "Key of the Wolves"), was described as "a speck of land the size of a football field" and was one of the Bahama Islands under Bahamian jurisdiction. According to Claude Peter, the captain of a long sailboat that had been chartered to take the refugees from Haiti to Miami, the boat had been forced ashore on September 25 during a storm and then had drifted away after it had been evacuated. Airdrops of food, water and medical supplies were made by the U. S. later in the day and the days that followed. Before they had been discovered, five of the Haitians had died of starvation. Lobos Cay, located more than 300 mile (483 km) from Haiti, is in the Bahama Channel and about 25 mile (40 km) from Cuba, at the boundary of the territorial waters between the Bahamas and Cuba. The only shelter on the island was an automatically operated lighthouse and some smaller buildings. Because of disputes between officials of the Bahamas, Haiti and the United States on which nation should rescue the castaways, the refugees remained marooned for more than a month and were ultimately transported from the Bahamas back to Haiti on November 16. John W. Hinckley, Jr., was arrested in Nashville, Tennessee after a handgun was found in his carry on luggage while he was attempting to board an American Airlines flight. Because he had no felony convictions in any state, he was released after paying a fine of $62.50 and pleading guilty to a misdemeanor. Hinckley had been following the campaign trail of U. S. President Jimmy Carter, who had been campaigning in the city half an hour earlier. Earlier, Hinckley had gone to a Carter campaign stop at Dayton, Ohio (where he got within six feet of the President but had not brought along a gun) and to Nashville. Hinckley would later shoot Carter's successor, U. S. President Ronald Reagan, on March 30, 1981. Mary Cunningham, a Vice President of the Bendix Corporation, resigned after accusations that her rapid promotion to a high level corporate job had been the result of an alleged extramarital affair with the company's CEO, William Agee. Relatively unknown outside of Poland, poet and novelist Czeslaw Milosz was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. Milosz, who had fled Poland in 1951 after serving the postwar Communist government as a diplomat, fled to Paris and later became a U. S. citizen. He was serving was a professor at the University of California Berkeley at the time of the award. The National Hockey League's Calgary Flames played their first home game after having relocated from Atlanta. The team was the first in NHL history to sell more season tickets to people who were fine with standing rather than sitting in any of the 6,388 seats at the Stampede Corral arena.

Australia's largest diamond, the 95 carat Golconda d'Or, was stolen in Sydney in front of a crowd of about 80 people and a security guard, all of whom were unaware of what they were witnessing. The St John Ambulance Brigade, a charitable organization, was displaying the borrowed diamond at the Lower Town Hall as part of a fundraiser, the "Exhibit of Treasured Possessions", when two men and a woman walked in, casually opened the locked case on the pretense that they were fixing the locking mechanism, then removed the gem, substituted a glass replica, and left. As of 2020, the Golconda d'Or had not been located.

Greece rejoined the NATO military structure after an absence of six years. The cabinet of Prime Minister George Raflis voted unanimously in favor of the proposals of Raflis, Defense Minister Evangelos Averoff Tostitsas and Foreign Minister Constantine Mitsotakis. Greece had dropped out of the alliance in 1974 after going to war with fellow NATO member Turkey, and returned after Turkey's government was replaced by a military junta. Somalia's President Mohamed Siad Barre declared a state of emergency in the northeast African nation. Barre also reinstated the Supreme Revolutionary Council of Somalian Army generals to assist in ruling the nation. In continuous production since 1962, the last MG MGB roadster rolled off the assembly line at the Abingdon on Thames (England) factory, ending production for the MG Cars marque. Kenya's President Daniel Arap Moi announced an amnesty and release from prison of 7,004 people who had been convicted and incarcerated for minor offenses, as part of the celebration of the Kenyatta Day holiday.

Voters in South Korea overwhelmingly approved the amendments to create a new constitution to replace the 1972 Yushin Constitution. With a reported turnout of 95.5% registered voters, 91.6% voted in favor and 8.4% voted against. After being told that they could not wear jerseys featuring the logos of their sponsors, players for the English soccer football teams Aston Villa and Brighton and Hove Albion refused to take the field, prompting a cancellation of the game, which had been scheduled for a broadcast on English television.

At 6:30 p. m. Australian Eastern Daylight Time, broadcasting began for Australia's first public television network, the Special Broadcasting Service. (SBS)
Iraq announced that it had eliminated the last pocket of resistance from Iranian defenders and that it had captured Khurramshahr, Iran's port on the Shatt al Arab waterway at the confluence of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

In a pivotal election, voters in Jamaica chose a new assembly, bringing an end to the government of Prime Minister Michael Manley and elevating opposition leader Edward Seaga to power as the Caribbean nation's new Prime Minister. El Salvador and Honduras signed a peace treaty to put the border dispute fought over in 1969's Football War before the International Court of Justice. Eleven years after the war the two nations signed a peace treaty in Lima, Peru on 30 October 1980 and agreed to resolve the border dispute over the Gulf of Fonseca and five sections of land boundary through the International Court of Justice (ICJ). In 1992, the Court awarded most of the disputed territory to Honduras, and in 1998, Honduras and El Salvador signed a border demarcation treaty to implement the terms of the ICJ decree. Ahmed Ben Bella, the first President of Algeria, was released from confinement after more than 15 years in prison. After the death of Houari Boumediene, the man who had overthrown his government on June 19, 1965, Ben Bella was moved from a three room prison to exile under house arrest in the city of M'Sila. Ben Bella's release followed a pardon by Boumediene's successor, President Chadli Benjedid. Supernova SN 1980O of magnitude 17.0 was detected in NGC 1255 on October 30, 1980, by German astronomer Hans Emil Schuster. NGC 1255 is a barred spiral galaxy approximately 69 million light years away from Earth in the constellation of Fornax. Senator Harrison "Pete" Williams (D N. J.) was indicted on October 30, 1980, and convicted on May 1, 1981, as part of Abscam.