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The New Hampshire Highway System is the public roads system of the U. S. state of New Hampshire containing approximately 17029 mile (27405 km) maintained by the New Hampshire Department of Transportation (NHDOT). All public roads in the state are called "highways", thus there is no technical distinction between a "road" or a "highway" in New Hampshire.

The state maintains 4814 mile (7747 km) of roads, of which 2567 mile (4131 km) are numbered routes and 1465 mile (2358 km) are unnumbered roadways making up the state's secondary roadway system. The state has 557 mile (896 km) of primary highways, which it defines as highways that "connect population centers, other NHS routes within the state, and other NHS routes in the surrounding states: Vermont, Maine and Massachusetts." The remaining 12215 mile (19658 km) of roads are maintained typically by the towns and cities traversed by these roads. Highways assigned a number by the NHDOT are officially known as "New Hampshire Route X", often abbreviated "NH Route X" or simply "NH X". Many minor state highways are not assigned numbers, only local names. The longest highway in New Hampshire is its segment of US 3, which runs for 241.953 mile (389 km) in the Granite State. The longest state highway is NH 16, which runs for 154.771 mile (249 km). The shortest highway in New Hampshire is NH 10A, which runs for 0.548 mile (1 km).

A total of 224.2 mile (361 km) of roadway in New Hampshire are part of the Interstate Highway System. Three primary Interstates pass through New Hampshire: I 89, I 93, and I 95. Two secondary Interstates are located in New Hampshire, I 293 and I 393.

782 mile (1259 km) of state maintained roads are a part of the National Highway System (NHS). Of the NHS roads in the state, 225 mile (362 km) are Interstate highways (35 mile (56 km) of which are also on the New Hampshire Turnpike System); 52 mile (84 km) are non interstate turnpike highways; and 505 mile (813 km) are non interstate and non turnpike highways.

New Hampshire uses the standard U. S. Route shield, a six point white shield over a black square background. New Hampshire contains parts of the four lowest numbered primary US highways: US 1, US 2, US 3 and US 4. US 2 is the only primary US highway within New Hampshire with any spur routes in the state, of which two are present: US 202 and US 302. New Hampshire does not use elongated route shields for U. S Routes, except on the occasional guide sign from a freeway and on some newer signage. Condensed fonts are used instead. US 1 Bypass in Portsmouth is marked with a standard shield including "BYPASS" over the numeral. US 3 Business in Laconia uses separate banners and US 3 shields, but only a few exist. It is otherwise signed as either NH 11A or NH 107. US 302 Business in Bartlett is unsigned the road is signed only as NH 16A. All other alternates of U. S. Highways are signed as state routes.

New Hampshire uses standard issue Interstate shields for its two digit Interstate highways, of which there are three: I 89, I 93 and I 95. Elongated shields were not initially used for auxiliary Interstates, but such shields have appeared on newer signage. New Hampshire no longer uses its state name on Interstate shields, but older signs with the state name do exist. New Hampshire contains the only two auxiliaries of I 93: I 293 and I 393. They are both completely overlapped by other routes.

New Hampshire uses a special shield on the Spaulding Turnpike and the Everett Turnpike. Both contain the name of the turnpike over a colored circle, within a rectangular shield with an arced bottom edge. The Spaulding Turnpike uses a blue color, while the Everett Turnpike uses a green color. Older shields used inverted colors, with white text and circle inside of a colored background. There is no shield for the Blue Star Turnpike, as it is only signed as I 95. However, when it was called the New Hampshire Turnpike it was signed with shields similar to those of the Spaulding and Everett turnpikes, blue in color and reading as "N. H. Turnpike".

New Hampshire, in contrast to most other states, normally signs route junctions using green guide signs (similar to those found on freeways) instead of individual sign and shield assemblies. New Hampshire also signs nearly all route concurrencies in the same way. However, as signs are being replaced, they are now more often replaced with traditional sign assemblies.