Pentax K ұсынысы: Фотообъективтер ұстағыштарының эволюциясы

Series of camera lens mounts made by Pentax

The Pentax K mount, sometimes referred to as the "PK mount", is a bayonet lens mount standard for mounting interchangeable photographic lenses to 35 mm single lens reflex (SLR) cameras. It was created by Pentax in 1975, and has since been used by all Pentax 35 mm and digital SLRs and also the MILC Pentax K 01. A number of other manufacturers have also produced many K mount lenses and K mount cameras.

The Pentax K mount has undergone a number of evolutions over the years as new functionality has been added. In general, the term K mount may refer to the original K mount, or to all its variations. Originally designed by Zeiss for an alliance with Pentax, it was intended to be a common lens mount for a proposed series of cameras and lenses. However, the plan failed to work out and the two firms parted company amicably, but Pentax retained the lens mount and at least one Zeiss lens design for its own use.

The original K mount is a simple bayonet connection with three tabs. It was introduced with the K series of cameras. The lens is locked into the camera with an approx. 70° clockwise turn (when looking at the front of the camera). The only linkage with the camera is mechanical and involves the aperture. A slot between two of the bayonet tabs on the lens allows the stop down coupler from the camera to sense the aperture setting on the lens and adjust the light meter display accordingly. Opposite this is the diaphragm release from the lens which extends into the camera body and holds open the spring loaded diaphragm of the lens. When setting up a shot this keeps the diaphragm fully open. When the shutter is released, so is this lever. It allows the diaphragm to close to the desired setting while the film is being exposed, and opens it again after the shutter closes. Both of these linkages are arranged so that they are aligned and spring loaded by the act of inserting the lens and turning it until it locks. Bodies equipped with the original K mount include the K series, the M series except the ME F, and the LX. Lenses that support it include those labelled 'SMC Pentax', 'SMC Pentax M' and 'SMC Pentax A'. These K mount bodies cannot use lenses that lack an aperture ring, such as FAJ or DA. K mount lenses can be used on all Pentax bodies, but are restricted to stopped down mode when used with "crippled" KAF mount bodies (see below).

The KF mount was Pentax's first attempt at an autofocus system. This autofocus system used sensors in the camera body and a motor in the lens. The two were connected via five new electrical contacts on the bayonet mount itself. One permitted the lens to turn on the camera's metering and focus sensors, two focused the lens (towards and away from infinity) and two appear to have been unused and may have been reserved for future functionality. The KF mount was largely a failure. Only one camera and one lens ever used this mount, the Pentax ME F and SMC Pentax AF 35 70/2.8. The lens was somewhat large and cumbersome since it had to enclose both the focusing motor (with gears) and batteries to power it. KF and the ME F are similar in many ways to the system used by Canon in the ill fated Canon T80, introduced several years later. The ME F can use all Pentax K mount lenses which feature an aperture ring. The 35–70 mm lens can be used on all other Pentax K mount bodies in manual focus mode, but it must be used stopped down on "crippled" KAF bodies.

The KA mount is derived from the original K mount. It allows the lens's aperture to be set by the body, and thus permits shutter priority and program auto exposure modes. It was introduced in 1983, and is supported by A series and P series bodies; Pentax lenses that support it are marked 'SMC Pentax A'. It is completely backward compatible with the original K mount. The aperture on the lens is set from the body by the same stop down lever found on the original K mount, but on KA lenses this lever is proportional to the area of the aperture opening, rather than the diameter as on previous lenses. This allows the body to easily set a specific aperture, since the relationship to F stops is linear. The lenses add an 'A' setting on the aperture dial, which gives the body control of the aperture. Other, numeric settings are used for manual aperture modes—aperture priority and full manual mode. Six electrical contacts are added to the bayonet ring. One is slightly recessed and allows the lens to indicate whether the aperture ring is set at 'A' or not. If it is, a pin on the lens extends slightly and makes contact, while if the lens is at any other setting the pin is retracted and does not make contact. The other five contacts are used to encode the lens's aperture range. Each contact on the lens is either conducting or non conducting, providing a binary 1 or 0, respectively. Two contacts encode the lens's minimum aperture—, , or ; although no Pentax K mount lens has ever had an minimum aperture, OEM lenses often have. The other three contacts encode the lens's maximum aperture; their meaning is dependent on the minimum aperture indicated by the lens. (There are at least 2 newer lenses that have a minimum aperture of only f/16: HD D FA 85mm F1.4 and HD D FA* 50mm F1.4. https://www. pentaxforums. com/lensreviews/hd pentax d fa 85mm f14 sdm aw. html and https://www. pentaxforums. com/lensreviews/hd pentax d fa 50mm f14 sdm aw. html)

The KAF mount was Pentax's second and much improved attempt at adding auto focus to lenses. It adds a small drive shaft to the KA mount, allowing the body to adjust the focus of the lens. This makes the lenses less bulky than the earlier KF mount, which had both a motor and batteries inside the lens. It also adds a seventh electrical contact, this one carrying digital information from the lens to the camera. It carries the following information: focal length, distance to the subject, exact absolute f stop value, and lens size. This information is used to make better exposure decisions, along with the multi segmented metering that was introduced in cameras using the KAF mount. The MZ 30/ZX 30, MZ 50/ZX 50, MZ 60/ZX 60, the *ist series and the K100D/K110D lack the mechanical stop down coupler/indicator. In these cameras – in aperture priority mode – the aperture is set by a dial on the camera body, and no longer on the lens. Pre A lenses can only be used in manual stop down metering mode and manual flash mode.

The KAF2 mount is the same as the KAF mount except that it adds two extra power contacts to the inside of the mounting ring and transmits modulation transfer function (MTF) data through the digital seventh contact. The power contacts were originally used for power zooming. Since the introduction of the K10D digital SLR model, they are mainly used for powering Silent Drive Motor and DC motor lenses. The K10D/K100D Super and later cameras do not have a mechanical stop down coupler/indicator and thus can only use stop down metering on pre A lenses.

The KA2 is identical to KAF, but lacks the autofocus drive shaft. Another way of looking at it is that it adds the seventh contact for digital information to the KA mount.

The KAF3 mount is used on Pentax lenses that solely rely on SDM or DC autofocus motors. It is identical to the KAF2, but lacks the screw drive autofocus drive shaft. Another way of looking at it is that it adds the power zoom/in lens autofocus motor contacts to the KA2 mount.

The KAF4 mount was introduced in June 2016 with the HD Pentax DA 55 300mm F4.5 6.3 ED PLM WR RE lens. It is identical with KAF3, apart from the missing aperture control lever. Instead, aperture control information is transmitted digitally through the data pin and the aperture is stopped down through a motor built into the lens. It also introduced a new type of autofocus motor, designated PLM or Pulse Motor. At the time of its introduction, the following Pentax DSLR bodies were compatible with the new mount: K 70, K 50, K S2, K S1, K 1, K 3 II, with all but the K 70 requiring a firmware update. Also after a recent firmware update the original K3 can use the new mount. or Bower). There are however other third party adapters that add to the flange focal distance so that one loses the ability to focus to infinity. The loss of infinity focus may not be significant in macro or close up photography. There is great debate in the Pentax community over the applicability and safety of adapters other than those supplied by Pentax. Many users of third party infinity focus adapters, such as Bowers, report difficulty in removing the adapters from camera bodies. Such adapters may require modification before they may be safely used. Official Pentax adapters, and flanged non infinity focus adapters, do not provoke such problems. Many old M42 lenses have a modern day cult reputation, including the (Pentax) Asahi Takumar range. Some manufacturers, including Carl Zeiss AG, still make lenses in the M42 mount. K mount cameras have a suitable flange focal distance (45.46 mm) to adapt old M42 lenses without any optical correction or loss of infinity focus/changed close focus distance. Other SLRs with a short flange focal distance can accept M42 lenses as well: Canon EF mount (44.00 mm), Sony and (Konica) Minolta A mount (44.50 mm), Sigma (44 mm), Olympus 4/3rd (38.67 mm), and many more, but notably not Nikon F mount (46.5 mm).

Optically corrected adapter to use Nikon AIS AI lenses on K mount.

Adapter for Voigtländer Bessamatic and Voigtländer Ultramatic lenses, Kodak Retina Reflex, or Kodak Retina IIIs lenses.

There are some Petri adapters to K mount but they do not allow to infinity focus due to the different flange distance.

Mounts used for Telescopes, microscopes and generic optics. The T mount was initially developed by Tamron (1957) to allow the easy adaption of generic 35 mm SLR optics into multiple mounts. The T mount is a 42 mm diameter 0.75 mm pitch screw mount with a 55 mm flange focal distance. Later versions (T2, T4, TX) were more advanced and complex. Several other manufacturers besides Tamron have used these mounts. Because the T mount is still used for many telescopes and microscopes, they are still available new. Note that while both T mount and M42 mount are 42mm screw mount systems, and will mount if they are forced, they are not compatible. The difference in pitch can cause damage to the lens, adapter or camera mount if they are confused.

These are adaptors designed by Tamron to allow the transfer of aperture setting from lens to camera or vice verse, including the Adapt A matic (1969), Adaptall (1973) and Adaptall 2 (1979). When Pentax introduced the KA mount in 1983 Tamron upgraded their Adaptall 2 K mount into an Adaptall 2 KA mount. For more details see the Tamron article or the Adaptall 2 web site.

Access 28 mm f2.8 P MC Macro (49 mm filter)
Access 75–300 mm f5.6 PMC Zoom (55 mm filter)

Angenieux a lens manufacturer in France, mainly known for its movie equipment than for photographic lenses, but it has built optics for Leica, Nikon, Canon and a few K mount lenses. Angenieux 70–210 mm f3.5

The Agfa K mount cameras were rebadged Chinons. Agfa Color 50 mm f1.4 (49 mm filter)

Arsat is a trade mark of Ukrainian lens manufacturer Arsenal, Kiev. PCS Arsat 35 mm f2.8 Shift Lens

Beroflex seems to have been a German commercial firm of photographic lenses;information is scarce yet but it appears that it designed lenses made overseas by Japanese companies like Soligor. Beroflex 85–210 mm f3.8
Beroflex 500 mm f8/f22 lens, 5° view; 72 mm diameter × 42 mm. Adapter fitted for use on M42 screw thread. In 1975 came complete with lens caps and case.

Carl Braun Camera Werk of Nuremberg, Germany, or Braun, as it was more commonly called, was founded as an optical production house. It is best known for its 35mm film cameras named Paxette, and for slide projectors named Paximat. Braun Ultralit Zoom 28–70 mm f3.4 4.8

Cima Kogaku had a patented system that allowed them to build common lens bodies, and add the appropriate lens mount at the factory. The Pentax version was only K mount, not KA mount. They mostly sold their lenses on an OEM basis, with them sold under a variety of different brands. In the UK, they were sold by Photax as Super Paragon PMC lenses. Tokyo Kogaku sold them as AM Topcor lenses for their Topcon RM300 camera. Cima Kogaku also sold them directly under the Cimko brand. (Some of the lenses below may not have ever been sold under the Cimko brand.) Cimko MT 24 mm f2.8
Cimko MT 28 mm f2.8
Cimko MT 35 mm f2.8
AM Topcor 55 mm f1.7
Cimko MT 135 mm f2.8
Cimko MT 200 mm f3.3
Cimko MT 28–50 mm f3.5 4.5 (two touch)
Cimko MT 28–50 mm f3.5 4.5 (one touch)
Cimko MT 28–80 mm f3.5 4.5
Cimko MT 35–100 mm f3.5 4.3
Cimko MT 55–230 mm f3.5 4.5
Cimko MT 70–200 mm f3.8 4.8
Cimko MT 80–200 mm f3.8
Cimko MT 80–200 mm f4.5

CPC Lenses are also known as Phase 2 or Phase 2 CCT. CPC 28 mm f2.8 Auto A (52 mm filter)
CPC 28 80 f2.8 4.0 (62 mm filter)
CPC 28–80 mm f3.5 4.5
CPC 28–85 mm f3.5 4.5
CPC 135 mm f2.8 MC Auto A (55 mm filter)

Eikor 28mm f2.8 (49mm filter)
Eikor 80 200mm f4.5 (55mm filter)

Focal 28 mm f2.8 MC Auto (52 mm filter)
Focal 28 mm f2.8 MC Auto (55 mm filter)
Focal 135 mm f2.8 MC Auto (58 mm filter)

Gemini 28 mm f2.8 (49 mm filter)
Gemini 1:4.5 80 200mm Macro MC Zoom 55 (55mm filter thread size).

Hanimex was an Australian distributor founded by Jack Hannes after the Second World War. The name is a contraction of HANnes IMport and EXport and the company imported both European and Japanese lenses, bodies and accessories. Hannes apparently sought low cost providers and Hanimex lenses have a poor reputation among users. Hanimex AUTO ZOOM f3.5 4.5
Hanimex AUTOMATIC MC MACRO 135 f2.8
Hanimex MC 80–200 mm f4.5

Hervic Zivnon 23 mm f3.5(62 mm filter)

Irix 11 mm f/4.0 Blackstone
Irix 11 mm f/4.0 Firefly
Irix 15 mm f/2.4 Blackstone
Irix 15 mm f/2.4 Firefly

JC Penney 135 mm f2.8

Lester A. Dine Kiron 105 mm f2.8 macro (52 mm filter)

Luxon is a Chinese manufacturer, and there is little information available on the company or its products. Luxon 50 mm f2.0 MC (China)

Mir 20K 20 mm f3.5 (rear filter)
Mir 47K 20 mm f2.5 (rear filter), made by VOMZ

Mitakon 80–200 mm f4.5 MC Zoom (55 mm filter)
Mitakon 28–200 mm f3.8 5.5

Oberon 11K 200 mm f2.8

Ozunon 35 mm 75 mm F3.5 4.5

Bold text indicates lenses in current production/stock sale from Pentax.

Porst 28 mm f2.8 MC Auto
Porst 40 mm f2.5 MC Auto
Porst 55 mm f1.2 Reflex MC Auto (55 mm filter)
Porst 55 mm f1.2 MC Auto
Porst 135 mm f2.8 Tele AS MC E (55 mm filter)
Porst 75–260 mm f4.5
Porst 200 mm f3.5

Promaster 18–200 mm f3.5 6.3 AF XR EDO
Promaster 18–200 mm f3.5 6.3 AF XR EDO(2007)
Promaster 19–35 mm f3.5 4.5 AF
Promaster 24–200 mm f3.5 5.6 AF XLD ASP
Promaster 28–80 mm f3.5 5.6 AF
Promaster 28–70 mm f2.8 4.2 MC Auto ZOOM MACRO
Promaster 28–70 mm f3.9 4.8 Spectrum 7 MC Macro Auto
Promaster 28–80 mm f3.5 5.6 Spectrum 7 AF
Promaster 28–105 mm f4 5.6 AF IF
Promaster 28–200 mm f3.5 5.6 AF XR
Promaster 28–210 mm f3.5 5.6 Spectrum 7 MC Macro
Promaster 50 f1.7
Promaster 60–300 mm f4 5.6 Spectrum 7 (67 mm filter) (2008)
Promaster 70–210 mm f4 5.6 AF Macro
Promaster 70–300 mm f4 5.6 Spectrum 7 AF EDO LD Macro (2007)
Promaster 80–200 mm f3.5 MC (62 mm filter)
Promaster 80–210 mm f4.5 5.6 AF
Promaster 85–210 mm f3.8 Auto Zoom Macro MC
Promaster 135 mm f1:2.8 MC

Quantaray AF 100–300 mm f/4.5 6.7 LDO

Revue 35 mm f2.8
Revue 80–200 mm f4.5
Revue 28–70 mm f3.5 4.5
Revue 28–50 mm f3.5 4.5
Revue 70–210 mm f4.5 AF

Revu 50 mm f1.2 (1975)

Revuenon Auto multicoated 28 mm f/2.8
Revuenon Auto MC 28 mm f/2.8
Revuenon Auto 45 mm f/2.8
Revuenon Auto MC 55 mm f/1.4
Revuenon Auto MC 55 mm f/1.7
Revuenon 55 mm f/1.2
Revuenon 135 mm f/2.8
Revuenon Auto MC 135 mm f/2.8
Revuenon 200 mm f/3.3
Revuenon 200 mm f/3.5
Revuenon 300 mm f/5.6
Revuenon 500 mm f/8.0 Mirror

Samyang is an optical manufacturer located in South Korea. Many of their lenses are also sold under the Rokinon and Bower brand names. Samyang 8 mm f/3.5 UMC Fish eye CS II
Samyang 10 mm f/2.8 ED AS NCS CS
Samyang 12 mm f/2.8 AS NCS Fish eye
Samyang 14 mm f/2.8 ED S IF UMC
Samyang 16 mm f/2.0 ED AS UC CS
Samyang 20 mm f/1.8 ED AS UMC
Samyang 24 mm f/1.4 ED AS IF UMC
Samyang Tilt/Shift 24 mm f/3.5 ED AS UC
Samyang 35 mm f/1.4 AS UMC
Samyang 50 mm f/1.4 AS UMC
Samyang 85 mm f/1.4 AS IF UMC
Samyang 100 mm f/2.8 ED UMC Macro
Samyang 135 mm f/2.0 ED UMC
Samyang 100–500 mm f5.6 7.1 Macro Tele Zoom Lens

The Schneider Kreuznach lenses feature shift and tilt movements for perspective control; they can be shifted by 12 mm and tilted by 8 degrees simultaneously. Schneider Kreuznach PC TS Super Angulon 4.5/28 28mm f4.5
Schneider Kreuznach PC TS Super Angulon 2.8/50 50mm f2.8
Schneider Kreuznach PC TS Makro Symmar 4.5/90 HM 90mm f4.5

Sun 28–80 mm f3.5 4.5 Macro (62 mm filter)
Sun 80–200 mm f4.5 Macro (55 mm filter)
Sun 85–210 mm f4.8 telephoto zoom (55 mm filter)
Sun 70–140 mm f3.8 auto zoom (49 mm filter)

Sunagor 75–300 mm F5.6

Suntop 28–135 mm f3.8 5.2 MC (67 mm filter)

Takumar 135 mm f2.5 prime
Takumar A 28–80 mm f3.5 4.5 Macro

Vologda Optical and Mechanical Plant. Mir 47K 20 mm f2.5
Oberon 11K 200 mm f2.8

Zenitar MC 35 mm Tilt & Shift f2.8 (2008)
Zenitar MC 80 mm Tilt & Shift f2.8 (2008)