Бентворт ауылы: тарих және географиясы

Village in Hampshire, England
the Hampshire village

Bentworth is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. The nearest town is Alton, which lies about 3 mile (5 km) east of the village. It sits within the East Hampshire Hangers, an area of rolling valleys and high downland. The parish covers an area of and at its highest point is the prominent King's Hill, 716 feet (218 m) above sea level. According to the 2011 census, Bentworth had a population of 553. Pot sherds and faunal remains from the Iron Age and several coins have been discovered, including a Bronze coin from the rein of Valentinian I, discovered in 1956. A Bronze Age cremation urn was found in 1955 just north of Nancole Copse, approximately from St Mary's Church. St Mary's Church was not included in this charter but in 1165 King Henry II granted it to Roturn, then the Archdiocese of Rouen. In 1898 a station for the Basingstoke and Alton Light Railway was proposed which would serve Bentworh, Lasham and the village of Shalden. Land was taken from the villages of Bentworth and Lasham to provide for the railway station. In 1870–72 the Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales by John Marius Wilson described Bentworth as

In 1897 Emma Ives died and ownership of the Bentworth Hall estate passed to her son Colonel Gordon Maynard Gordon Ives, who had in 1870 had built Gaston Grange as his residence. After his mother died he continued to live there, leasing Bentworth Hall to William Nicholson, the Member of Parliament for Petersfield. Gordon Ives died on 8 September 1907 and the estate passed to his son, Cecil Maynard Gordon Ives, a Captain of the Scots Guards in the First World War, who occupied it until his death on 23 July 1923.

In 1947 the Bentworth Hall estate was bought by Major Herbert Cecil Benyon Berens, who was a director of Hambros Bank in London from 1968. and the remaining estate was put up for sale. Initially Bentworth Hall was offered as a single property, but its outbuildings were divided into a number of separate dwelling units and other parts were sold to local farms. Bentworth was awarded a gold postbox in 2012 after Peter Charles, a resident of the village, won a gold medal in the equestrian event of the 2012 Summer Olympics. A postbox in Alton was incorrectly painted gold in Charles' honour, until the Royal Mail later painted the correct postbox in Bentworth.

In elections for the United Kingdom national parliament, Bentworth is in the constituency of East Hampshire, which since May 2010 has been represented by Damian Hinds of the Conservative Party. Prior to Britain leaving the European Union in January 2020, it was part of the South East England constituency of the European Parliament. In local government, Bentworth is governed by Hampshire County Council at the highest tier, East Hampshire District Council at the middle tier, and Bentworth Parish Council at the lowest tier. In County Council elections Hampshire is divided into 75 electoral divisions that return a total of 78 councillors; Bentworth is in Alton Rural Electoral Division. In district council elections East Hampshire is divided into 38 electoral wards that return a total of 44 councillors; Bentworth is in the Bentworth and Froyle Ward, together with the parishes of Lasham, Shalden, Wield and Froyle. Bentworth has its own nine member parish council with responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual local rate to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with Hampshire Constabulary, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance of parish facilities, as well as consulting with the district council on the repair and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths and public transport.

Bentworth village and parish lies on high downland about 3 mile (5 km) northwest of the town of Alton and about 9 mile (14 km) south of Basingstoke, the largest town in Hampshire. By road, Bentworth is situated 9.4 mile (15 km) south of Basingstoke, 16.7 mile (27 km) northeast of the county town of Winchester and 32 mile (51 km) north of Portsmouth. The parish covers an area of ; the soil is clay and loam, the subsoil chalk. In 1911 about of the parish were woodland, and the most prominent crops were wheat, oats, and turnips. The lower ground to the south east of Bentworth and to the south of the nearby villages of Lasham and Shalden drains towards the River Wey which rises to the surface near Alton. Near Hall Place is the village duckpond, with cottages opposite it dated to 1733. Such names as Colliers Wood and Nancole Copse in the parish point to the early operations of the charcoal burners, the colliers of the Middle Ages. Other woods in the area include Gaston Wood, Childer Hill Copse, Miller's Wood, Thedden Copse, Well Copse, North Wood, Wadgett's Copse, Bylander's Copse, Nancole Copse, Widgell Copse, South Lease Copse, Stubbins Copse and Mayhew's Wood. Bentworth was the largest parish in the Hundred of Odiham, after Odiham itself. At the time of the Domesday Book the Hundred was included in two separate hundreds, Odiham and Hefedele (also known as Edefele and Efedele). The former comprised Lasham and Shalden and half a hide which had been taken from the nearby village of Preston Candover, and the latter included Odiham, Winchfield, Elvetham, Dogmersfield, and a former parish named Berchelei. For the manors of Bentworth, Greywell, Hartley Wintney, Liss, Sherfield upon Loddon, and Weston Patrick, there are no entries in the Survey, but they were believed to have been included in the large manor of Odiham.

Within the Bentworth parish are several hamlets, the largest of which is Burkham to the north of the village. Other hamlets include Wivelrod to the southeast, Holt End and New Copse to the south, Thedden to the east, Ashley to the west and Tickley to the north.

Burkham (also known as Brocham (14th century); Barkham (16th century); Berkham (18th century)) is a larger hamlet on the north side of the parish of Bentworth that lies about northwest of the village. Burkham was first mentioned in 1111,

Burkham is where Georgian Burkham House is located. It was first recorded in a document dated 1784 in which there was a reference to a "Manor or Mansion House of Burkham", owned by Thomas Coulthard (1756–1811). Burkham House was acquired in 1882 by Arthur Frederick Jeffreys, later a member of parliament for Basingstoke. Ownership was retained by the Jeffreys family until 1965 when the estate was put up for sale. Part of this area between Burkham and Bentworth was bought by the Woodland Trust in 1990. Before the Woodland Trust purchased the property, it was scheduled to become a landfill. The Trust planted trees in 1993. This is the only nature preserve in the area. Gaston Grange and Holt Cottage, a small thatched cottage dating from 1503 and a Grade II listed building since 1985,efn|Durley village had a historical society, Durley History Society, which published newsletters. An article about the POW camps appeared in its January 2009 issue which mentions Thedden Grange. The Durley History Society claimed that another POW camp existed with the name of Fishers Camp and that it was not located at Thedden Grange. The Guardian published a 2010 article claiming that Thedden Grange was the site of Fishers Camp.

Wivelrod is a hamlet in the extreme south east corner of the parish of Bentworth. Wivelrod was first mentioned in documents dating to 1259. In the 18th century Wivelrod Manor belonged to the owner of Bentworth Hall, although some land, excluding the farm, was sold in the 1830s for £900, when the estate was bought by Roger Staples Horman Fisher.

The church of St Mary lies at the centre of the village immediately east of the Primary school, located about north east of the Star Inn. There is evidence to suggest that an Anglo Saxon church was located here and was rebuilt. The present church has a chancel (the space around the altar for the clergy and choir) that is 27 feet (8 m) by 17 feet (5 m), with a north vestry measuring 48 feet (15 m) by 17 feet (5 m). The nave roof and chancel arch date from the late 12th century and the chancel itself was built in about 1260 together with the lower part of the tower. The church suffered what historian Georgia Smith describes as a "fire happening by lightning from heaven", and some of the earlier structure was damaged. It was repaired in 1608. The present church has flint walls with stone dressings and stepped buttresses, a plinth, and corbelled tracer lights in the nave. The west tower was rebuilt in 1890 and has diagonal buttresses with an elaborate arrangement of steps (some with gabled ornamentation), and at the top is a timber turret, surmounted by a broach spire. A small mural monument at the south east of the chancel is to Nicholas Holdip, "pastor of the parish" in 1606, and his wife Alicia (Gilbert). The north aisle wall contains another mural tablet dedicated to "Robert Hunt of Hall Place in this Parish", 1671, with the arms, Azure a bend between two water bougets or with three leopards' heads gules on the bend. The crest is a talbot sitting chained to a halberd. There are four bells; the treble and second by Joseph Carter, 1601, the third by Henry Knight, 1615, and the tenor by Joseph Carter, 1607. The church celebrated the coronation of King George V by adding a clock to the building. It became a Grade II* listed building on 31 July 1963. It was made in 1816 of Portland stone and is a "rectangular chest tomb on a moulded base, with a two part cover consisting of a low hipped top slab and lower moulded cornice." and a Royal Navy officer of World War II.

The War Memorial in the churchyard of St Mary's Church, made of Doulting limestone, was erected in 1920 by Messrs Noon and Company of Guildford on behalf of the parish to commemorate the local men who had lost their lives in the First World War. The decision to build a memorial at the church was decided during a parish meeting on 7 February 1920 and it was formally dedicated on 28 November 1920 by the Reverend A. G. Bather and unveiled by Major General Jeffreys of Burkham, officer in command of the London District. The war memorial has a four step base, with a "tapering octagonal shaft on a small square plinth block" placed upon it and a Latin cross at the top of the shaft. The hall is believed to have been constructed by either the constable of Farnham Castle, William de Aula, or 'John of Bynteworth'. with a Gothic stone arch and 20th century boarded door and two storey porch. The west wing of the house has a stone framed upper window and large attached tapered stack. The east wing has sashes dated to the early 19th century. The great house was divided into four separate homes in 1983. The eastern wing of the property became Bentworth Court, the central portion of the house is now known as Bentworth Mews and the coach house and stables were offered separately.

Gaston Grange is north of New Copse and south of Gaston Wood. This area was part of the Bentworth Hall estate and is now privately owned. In the late 19th century, Emma Gordon Ives owned Bentworth Hall and in 1890 her son Colonel Gordon Maynard Gordon Ives built Gaston Grange to the east of Bentworth Hall. Gordon Ives inherited Bentworth Hall upon the death of Emma in 1897, but continued to live at Gaston Grange until his death. In 1914, his son Lieutenant Colonel Alexander Gordon lived in Gaston Grange. He served in the First World War and was an Ulster Unionist Party Member and Senator in the Parliament of Northern Ireland, dying in April 1967. After his death, the Bentworth Hall Estate was offered for sale by Messrs John D Wood & Co. and at this time consisted of Gaston Grange has been extensively renovated and modernised in recent times; new inclusions are entrance and reception halls, three reception rooms and a grand staircase. Today, the Gaston Grange estate consists of The house has stucco walls, with painted brickwork and a slate roof. It is a square two storey building, with a symmetrical front consisting of three windows, a doric columned porch, half glazed doors and a low pitched hipped roof, with a raised lead flat in the centre.

Ivall's Cottage, a Grade II listed building since 1985, is located opposite the post box near the village green. The cottage was originally built during the 16th century, with late 18th century and early 19th century additions with contemporary extensions at the sides. The cottage is built from red brick and flint in Flemish bond, with cambered openings on the ground floor with a part thatched, part tiled roof. The roof is hipped at the west end, with lower eaves at the rear intercepted by eyebrow dormers. Holt Cottage is a small thatched cottage situated on the edge of the village and was built in 1503. A Grade II listed building since 31 May 1985, much of the current building dates to the 17th and early 19th centuries. The roof is half hipped at the south end and hipped at the north, with painted brickwork in monk bond.

Near the centre of the village are two public houses: the Star Inn, which was licensed in 1848, opposite the village green, and the Sun Inn, which was licensed beginning in 1838, which sits at the top of Sun Hill, on the road to Alton. There was a third pub in the village called the Moon Inn (also known as the Half Moon) which was demolished around 1948; The station opened on 1 June 1901 and closed during the First World War on 1 January 1917. The line was reopened in 1924 as area residents pressed for the reopening of the railway. It stayed open until 1931 when the railway announced it would no longer carry passengers. The railway transported only goods until its final closure in 1936. Alton was on the South West Main Line from London Waterloo to Winchester and Basingstoke was on the West of England Main Line from London Waterloo to Salisbury. In the 1960s, the connection between Alton and Winchester was broken because of railway closures and the construction of the M3 motorway east of Winchester. as of 2015, the line continues west of Alton to Alresford as the "Watercress Line" or Mid Hants Railway, running historic steam engines. The level crossing between Bentworth and Lasham appeared in the 1929 film The Wrecker and the line was also used in the 1937 film Oh, Mr Porter!. The small station waiting room was demolished in 2003.