Шикаго архиепископы Куигли дайындық семинариясының тарихы

Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary was an American seminary preparatory school administered by the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago for young men considering the priesthood. Located in downtown Chicago at 103 East Chestnut Street, adjacent to Loyola University Chicago's Water Tower campus, it closed on 22 June 2007, and became the Archbishop Quigley Center, the pastoral center and headquarters of the archdiocese after renovations ending 19 November 2008. Between 1961 and 1990, the seminary was split into two campuses: Quigley South and Quigley North, with Quigley North housed at the original building. The south campus was closed in 1990, with all seminary operations returning to the original building. The predecessor of the school, Cathedral College of the Sacred Heart, was founded in 1905. Cardinal George Mundelein announced plans in 1916 for the building of a preparatory seminary at Rush and Chestnut streets in downtown Chicago, and named the school in honor of his predecessor, Archbishop James Edward Quigley. Echoing the educational theories of Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Cardinal Mundelein surrounded Quigley students with great architectural beauty:

"This will unquestionably be the most beautiful building here in Chicago, not excluding the various buildings of the University of Chicago." Quigley's Chapel of St. James, with stained glass modeled after Sainte Chapelle in Paris, was dedicated upon the seventy fifth anniversary of the Archdiocese of Chicago and the twenty fifth anniversary of Mundelein's priestly ordination on 10 June 1920. Designed by architect Zachary Taylor Davis, with stained glass by Robert Giles of the John J. Kinsella Company of Chicago, it has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1996. The American Institute of Architects Guide to Chicago has termed the stained glass of the Quigley Chapel "dazzling." The Quigley seminaries have educated almost 2,500 priests, two cardinals, over forty one bishops, two Vatican II periti, separate recipients of the Medal of Honor and the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland, and, in sports, two members of the Basketball Hall of Fame.

The Quigley educated rector and faculty member, Msgr. John W. Schmid, followed Msgr. Foley as the fourth rector in 1944, and expanded the language curriculum, sending professors (Quigley faculty were called "professors" or "profs" for short) to study in Mexico, Canada, and Europe, and added sciences and physical education as requirements. Schmid, seeing the student body of Quigley growing to 1,300
near the end of his thirty one years of service to Quigley as professor and rector in 1955, began a formal study for expansion of the school, and stepped aside so a younger man could lead it. The vigorous and athletic Msgr. Martin M. Howard, another Quigley graduate and professor, fluent in classical languages and Spanish, was named rector on 18 May 1955, by Cardinal Samuel Stritch. According to Msgr. Koenig's account, Msgr. Howard faced the task of fitting four years of high school and two years of college into Quigley's five year curriculum with a "Sulpician language school model" of seminary inherited from Msgr. Purcell a half century previous. With frequent faculty consultation, Howard participated in plans with Cardinal Stritch to convert Quigley to a four year program, build a second Quigley near Chicago's south suburbs, establish a four year free standing college seminary, and shorten the program at St. Mary of the Lake Seminary in Mundelein, Illinois, to four years of graduate study. In the meantime, the Archdiocese rented the Ogden School at 39 West Chestnut from the Chicago Board of Education as Quigley's "Annex" to better accommodate the overflow of Quigley's 1,300 students.

Before Cardinal Stritch could complete the plan for the second Quigley, he died in Rome on 27 May 1958. At the direction of his successor, Cardinal Albert Gregory Meyer, a former seminary rector and Milwaukee archbishop named archbishop of Chicago on 19 September 1958, the seminary built a new high school, Quigley Preparatory Seminary South, at 77th Street and Western Avenue, which opened in 1961, with Msgr. Howard named as its first rector. The original Quigley classes of 1960 and 1961 graduated in Spring, 1961, with the new Chicago college seminary, later to be called Niles College, opening that Fall. Cardinal Meyer dedicated the Quigley South Chapel of the Sacred Heart (so named to hearken to the original Chicago minor seminary, Cathedral College of the Sacred Heart), its campus, and new facilities for its 869 students on 13 September 1962. For a short period in the early 1960s, both Quigley campuses held joint events, including graduations, in order to instill among the students the spirit of sharing one school. Msgr. John P. O'Donnell (Q' 41) was named rector of the newly named Quigley Preparatory Seminary North at the original Chestnut Street location in 1961. Msgr. O'Donnell encouraged his faculty to seek degrees from many universities, and he himself earned a PhD from Loyola University and a master's degree from the University of Notre Dame, in addition to earlier master's and licentiate degrees from St. Mary of the Lake Seminary. Cardinal Meyer continued the practice of appointing priests to Quigley on the theory that "young seminarians needed a good number of priest models to make an intelligent decision about their vocations." In 1965, Msgr. O'Donnell also led Quigley North in earning accreditation from the North Central Association of Colleges and Schools and took steps to make Advanced Placement classes available for students, an action mirrored at Quigley South, the year that Archbishop John Patrick Cody was named to succeed Cardinal Meyer, who had succumbed to cancer on 9 April. Quigley North faced for the first time a problem of declining enrollment, seeing its freshman class decline from 256 in 1962 to 130 in 1967. Declining enrollments brought both Quigley seminaries to consider further changes. In 1966, Cardinal Cody instituted a Chicago seminary system wide change abolishing the Thursday day off and Saturday school day, which had for decades separated Chicago seminarians and seminary faculty from participating in Saturday social activities, while Quigley faculty voted to alter their own dress code requiring a cassock, in place of other clerical attire. Seminary policies prohibiting seminarian participation in co educational activities and organizations were also revised in that same year. In 1968, dress codes for both Quigley seminaries requiring a suit coat and tie for students were revised to fit the seasons of the year, and the Quigley seminaries made the necessary arrangements so that Quigley students could join the National Honor Society. After a year long self study of the entire Chicago archdiocesan seminary system in 1969, assisted by the Arthur D. Little Company of Boston, Cardinal Cody announced in 1970 a new admissions policy for the Quigley seminaries, which expanded beyond Cardinal Mundelein's original requirement in 1916 that Quigley students be "educated with those who only look forward to that same great work in life, the priestly field of labor." Boys from two categories would, as of 1971, be admitted to Quigley, "(a.) who have indicated a desire for the priesthood and who meet the requirements of admissions, and (b.) who, in the judgment of parish priests, have the kind of character, ability, and temperament which might lead to the personal discovery of a vocation in the priesthood." The new policy also indicated that Quigley North and South should "emphasize the fact that they are contemporary seminaries primarily concerned with the development and encouragement of vocations to the priesthood", and that "a vigorous campaign should be begun, especially on the part of priests, to enroll qualified students." one to the sick, and one to the minor seminarians of both Quigley schools, to whom he said:

Dear seminarians,I extend a special greeting to all of you who are present here today. I want you to know that you have a special place in my thoughts and prayers. Dear sons in Christ: Be strong in your faith faith in Christ and His Church, faith in all that the Father has revealed and accomplished through His Son and the Holy Spirit. During your years in the minor seminary, you have the privilege of studying and deepening your understanding of the faith. Since Baptism you have lived the faith, aided by your parents, your brothers and sisters, and the whole Christian community. And yet today I call upon you to live by faith even more profoundly. For it is faith in God which makes the essential difference in your lives and in the life of every priest. Be faithful in your daily prayers; they will keep your faith alive and vibrant. Study the faith diligently so that your knowledge of Christ will continually increase. And nourish your faith each day at Mass, for in the Eucharist you have the source and greatest expression of our faith. God bless you. John Paul II added, "See how important you are The Pope comes to visit you!"

To appeal to suburban enrollment, Quigley North, under the leadership of then Rector Rev. Donald Cusack, established in 1981 an off campus residence hall called St. John Vianney Hall on the grounds of Angel Guardian Orphanage (AGO) at 2001 West Devon in Chicago's Rogers Park neighborhood. This site sequestered one building in the AGO complex to house and board students from the hinterland of Chicago, Monday through Fridays, during the academic school calendar. All four Quigley classes were represented in these six years. The Vianney priest faculty included Frs. Barnum and Devereaux, who lived at Vianney full time. Laymen, typically Loyola University students, were offered room and board in exchange for limited duties of moderating the daily activities of residence life, provide curfew enforcement and supervision of the hall members. The suburbs and exurbs were represented: Maywood, Gurnee, Hoffman Estates, Hillside, Olympia Fields, Buffalo Grove, Waukegan, Oak Park, River Grove, Park Ridge and Skokie. From 1981 to 1985, one hall member even came all the way from Bristol, Wisconsin, attending all 4 years at Quigley North while residing at Vianney Hall. The dorm life was regimented by the priests, providing a general wake up call at 6:30 AM, Chapel service at 7 AM, followed by breakfast, hot or cold, prepared by a cook. Classes began at 8:45 AM. The CTA was the student's "green and cream limousine." The 155 Devon, 151 Sheridan 147 Express and L trains sped the students to Michigan Avenue and Chestnut. Curfew for returning to the hall was 5:30 PM for dinner. Study hours were 6 8 PM, followed by an evening Chapel service, then free time until "lights out" at 10 10:30 PM. A public phone was supplied. Chapel service was a reading of the day's Scriptures and minutes of silent contemplation. An amenity at AGO was a pristine full basketball court (once used by the Chicago Bulls prior to Michael Jordan's arrival) which was perfect for recreation and exercise after a full day's scholastic endeavor. Underclass students were 2 to a room and the Upperclass students were given single rooms. Only one student, Jeff Calabrese of Gurnee, was to have completed all 4 years of education while living at Vianney Hall from the Fall of 1982 Spring of 1986. The residence life included a compulsory chore night: Thursday evening. Laundry, showers and lavatory, kitchen, and recreation areas, etc., were cleaned and repaired from the week's use. The residence opportunity facilitated a true '"'college prep" atmosphere. Students, as young as 14, were encouraged to care for one's self with limited supervision. To live in the city's North side, travel its Gold Coast, be schooled in a castle feet from the Mag Mile without daily parental imperatives was an accelerated track to young adulthood, save a Vocation's consideration. However, due to financial strains coupled to limited Niles College of Loyola enrollment from the roster of Vianney Hall, the experiment was abandoned. The opportunity for residence life was eliminated in 1987. Some students chose to live in nearby parishes or commit to the lengthy commute. In all, some 20 30 youth spent a portion of their QN careers as residence of Vianney. Remarkably, this annex of QN was barely recognized by the student body as a whole or by faculty. Its mention, existence and mission were somewhat "conspicuous by absence." The progressive creation of a dormitory system to augment vocations was vanguard, and Quigley's only departure from the day school model established by Cardinal Mundelein. When Jeff Calabrese mentions that he "lived at high school", he still conjures up New England wealthy and upper middle class institutions' sole ability to afford this option: live at school. Yet humble Quigley North took courage of its conviction and supplied the avenue for this unique and counter cultural stance to house its students.

While in 1983, Quigley North Rector Rev. Thomas Franzman could report that "45% of our seniors headed on to Niles College [Seminary]," by December 1989, facing declining enrollment and a reduction in the number of Quigley graduates completing studies for the priesthood, the Archdiocese announced the closure of both Quigley North and Quigley South as of June 1990, combining both schools into Archbishop Quigley Seminary at the original downtown site for the 1990 Fall term. For several weeks in early 1990, Quigley students and alumni from both institutions picketed the mansion of Cardinal Joseph Bernardin and published a full page ad in the Chicago Sun Times, but many of the protesters later joined in supporting the combined Archbishop Quigley Seminary. The Quigley South campus was purchased for the new location of St. Rita High School (originally located at 63rd Street and Claremont Avenue). The reorganized Archbishop Quigley Preparatory Seminary would go on to earn national recognition from U. S. News & World Report in 1999 as one of 96 outstanding high schools in America. During the period 1984–1993, Quigley graduated an average of 5.5 students per year who completed the remaining eight years leading to ordination. As of the Fall of 2006, with an enrollment of 183 students, Quigley was the largest of the seven remaining preparatory seminaries in the country. Daily attendance at Mass was required of Quigley students for the greater part of the 20th century, following Cardinal Mundelein's letter of 1916 and John Paul II's 1979 direction quoted above, but the practice declined during the early 90s, when a weekly Mass was instituted. However, when Rev. Peter Snieg was appointed rector in 2001, per Cardinal George's decision, prayer was the centerpiece of Quigley once again. Since academic school year of 2000–01, Mass had been an integral part of spiritual growth, being required three days a week with Monday morning prayer and Friday afternoon prayer to begin and end each week. The Archdiocese announced on 19 September 2006 that Quigley's doors would be shut at the end of the school year in June 2007. After one year of renovation the site was to become home to the new archdiocesan Pastoral Center, containing the offices of the archbishop's curia and relative church bodies, with a "Quigley Scholars" program being established to support priestly vocations among high school boys. On 15 June 2007, (the feast of the Sacred Heart of Jesus) Quigley closed its door to students at the end of the 2007 academic year.

Alfred Leo Abramowicz (Q '37) was an Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago who served as Director of the Catholic League for Religious Assistance to Poland (1960–95). He was the principal US fundraising and organizational contact for the Solidarity movement. He was awarded the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland. Romeo Roy Blanchette (Q '31) was Bishop of Joliet (1966–79). Edward K. Braxton (QS '62) is the Bishop of Belleville (2005–present) and former Bishop of Lake Charles (2000–05). William E. Cousins (Q '21) served as Archbishop of Milwaukee (1958–71). Edward Egan (Q '51) was a Cardinal who served as Bishop of Bridgeport (1988–2000) and Archbishop of New York City (2000–09). Thomas Joseph Grady, (Q '32) was the director of the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception (1956–67) and Bishop of Orlando (1974–89). Wilton D. Gregory (QS '65) is the first African American archbishop to be elevated to the rank of Cardinal by Pope Francis on November 28, 2020. He remains the Archbishop of Washington, DC. (2019–present). Previously, he was Archbishop of Atlanta (2005–2019). He was the Bishop of Belleville (1994–2004) and president of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (2001–04). John Richard Keating (Q '52) was the Bishop of Arlington (1983–98). James Patrick Keleher (Q '51) is the former Archbishop of Kansas City (1993–2005) and Bishop of Belleville (1984–93). Gerald Frederick Kicanas (Q '60) is the Bishop of Tucson (2003–present), served as Vice President of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (2007–2010), and as Chair of Catholic Relief Services (2010 ). Jerome Edward Listecki (QS '67) is the Archbishop of Milwaukee (2010–present). He was formerly the Bishop of La Crosse (2004–09). Timothy Joseph Lyne (Q '37) was Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago (1983–95). John R. Manz (QN '63) is an Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago (1993–present). Paul Casimir Marcinkus (Q '40) was an archbishop who served in a number of positions in the Vatican, most notably as head of the Istituto per le Opere di Religione (the "Vatican Bank"; 1971–89). John L. May (Q '40) was the Bishop of Mobile (1969–80) and Archbishop of St. Louis (1980–92). Thomas J. Murphy (Q '51) was the Bishop of Great Falls Billings (1978–87) and Archbishop of Seattle (1991–97). Cletus F. O'Donnell (Q '35) was Bishop of Madison (1967–92). Thomas J. Paprocki (QS '70) is the Bishop of Springfield (2010–present). Ernest John Primeau (Q '28) was Bishop of Manchester (1960–74). George J. Rassas (Q '61) is an Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago (2005–present). Edward James Slattery (Q '59) is the Bishop of Tulsa (1993–present). John George Vlazny (Q '55) is the Archbishop of Portland, and former Bishop of Winona (1987–97). Aloysius John Wycislo (Q '28) was Bishop of Green Bay (1968–83). During World War II and into the 1950s, he helped to establish refugee camps in the Middle East, India, and Africa, and later worked coordinating aid throughout Eastern and Western Europe. Michael Fors Olson (QN '84) is the Bishop of Fort Worth (2014–present). George J. Rassas (Q '61) is an Auxiliary Bishop of Chicago (2005–present).

Daniel Coughlin (Q '53) is the former Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives (2000–2011); the first Roman Catholic to hold that position. Monsignor John Joseph "Jack" Egan (Q '37) was an author and social and civil rights activist who marched with Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. De Paul University's Egan Urban Center is named for him. Monsignor George G. Higgins, (Q '34) was an author and civil rights activist. In 2000 he received both the Pacem in Terris Award and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Monsignor Reynold Henry Hillenbrand (Q '24) was a Quigley professor and leader in the Liturgical Movement. As rector of University of St. Mary of the Lake from 1936 to 1944, he served as mentor to several activist priests called "Hilly's Men", also mentor to "Specialized Catholic Action" and social action movements. Mitch Pacwa SJ (QN '67) is a scripture scholar and EWTN television and radio host. Michael Pfleger (QS '67) is a pastor and civil rights activist.