Парбхани қаласы: тарих, география және мәдениеті

the city in Maharashtra, India

Parbhani (parbhani, ) is a city in Maharashtra state of India. It is the administrative headquarters of Parbhani District. Parbhani is one of the largest cities in Marathwada region. Parbhani is around away from regional headquarters of Aurangabad while it is away from the state capital Mumbai. Along with the entire Marathwada region, Parbhani was a part of the erstwhile Nizam State; later a part of Hyderabad State; after reorganization of states in 1956 it became a part of the then Bombay state; since 1960, it has been part of the present Maharashtra state. Parbhani is home to Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University, which is one of only four agriculture universities in Maharashtra. Moreover, Parbhani also has an annual festival at Turabul Haq Dargah, which attracts lakhs of tourists each year. Parbhani is named after Goddess Prabhavati.

In ancient times, Parbhani was known as "Prabhavati nagari" on account of the existence of a massive temple of Goddess Prabhavati. The name "Prabhavati" means goddess Lakshmi and Parvati. Present name Parbhani is a corrupt form of Prabhavati. Parbhani was for over 650 years under Muslim rule, under the Deccan sultanates, the Mughals and later the Nizam of Hyderabad. The town remained a part of the Princely State of Hyderabad under the rulership of the Nizam until Operation Polo of the Indian Army in 1948. Thereafter it became part of the independent Republic of India. Until 1956 the town remained a part of Hyderabad State within India. Under the administrative reforms that year and the break up of the State of Hyderabad, Parbhani and the adjacent towns were transferred to the multilingual Bombay State. Since 1960 it has been a part of State of Maharashtra.

According to the "Swacch Surveskshan 2018" (a cleanliness survey) under Swachh Bharat Abhiyan, Parbhani city was ranked under "greatest improvement over last year" category. Parbhani was one of the three cities of Maharashtra state to get the rank, along with Bhusawal, and Bhiwandi. In the same survey Parbhani was declared India's best city in giving citizen feedback.

Parbhani is located at It has an average elevation of 347 metres. Parbhani district is uniformly laid by the Deccan lava flows in the form of horizontally bedded sheets, similar to Deccan trap formation of basaltic composition. Being in Godavari Valley, city's soil is very fertile, deep and rich in nutrients.

Parbhani's climate is classified as tropical. The Köppen Geiger climate classification is Aw. When compared with winter, the summers have much more rainfall.

In the fields of academics, the city is known mainly for the Agriculture University, and because of the university it is also known for the preparation of competitive exams for civil services like Maharashtra Public Service Commission, and Union Public Service Commission.

The history of agriculture research in Parbhani dates back to pre independence era. It began with the commencement of "Main Experimental Farm" of erstwhile Nizam State in 1918. However, agricultural education was available only at Hyderabad but crop research centres for sorghum, cotton, fruits among few others existed in Parbhani. The first college of Agriculture was established in this region at Parbhani in 1956 by Hyderabad State Government just before the Maharashtra State reorganization. The current day Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Agricultural University (VNMAU) was established on 18 May 1972 as "Marathwada Agriculture University" to fulfill the regional aspirations of agrarian growth, with further responsibilities to provide education in agriculture and allied fields, and to undertake research and facilitate technology transfer in Marathwada region. The famous 'Gaorani' cotton, a breed of Indian cotton, is the result of research facilities at Parbhani. The university was renamed after the name of former Chief Minister of Maharashta, Vasantrao Naik, in 2013. "College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences" is located on the campus of VNMAU which is one of the constituent Veterinary Colleges coming under the authority of Maharashtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur from 2000. Earlier this college was established in 1972 as a part of Marathwada Agriculture University.

Some of the prominent junior colleges and schools from the city are: Moidul Muslimeen Urdu School, Dnyansadhna Junior college, Gandhi Vidyalaya, Parbhani, Bal Vidya Mandir High School and Jr. College, NVS Marathwada High school, Shree Shivaji Junior College of Arts, Commerce, Science, and Vocational Science, Dnyanopasak Junior College of Arts, Commerce, and Science, Dr. Zakir Hussain High School and Jr. College. In Parbhani, there are many schools like Bharatiya Bal Vidya Mandir, Mahatma Phule High School, etc., each of which contributes to the educational heritage of the city.

The transport system of the city is largely dependent on rails. Parbhani railway station is a railway junction situated on Secunderabad–Manmad section of South Central Railway zone. The town has connectivity to major cities of Maharashtra, such as Mumbai, Pune, Nagpur, Nanded, Aurangabad, Nashik and Kolhapur. It is also connected to other Indian cities like New Delhi, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Chennai, Ajmer, Bhopal, Amritsar, Allahabad, Rameshwaram, Tirupati and Visakhapatnam. Parbhani Junction has many facilities, such as baggage check, metal detectors, VIP Lounge, parking, ATMs, ATVM (Automatic Ticket Vending Machines), canteen (Rail Aahar), fruit stalls, book stalls, Indian Post (Bhartiya Daak), foot overbridges, water for passengers, milk dairy, television, wifi network (54 Mbit/s), etc.

Central Bus Station of Parbhani connects Parbhani to other states of India, such as Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat and Madhya Pradesh. There are multiple daily buses of private operators and MSRTC Parbhani Division between Parbhani to other metropolitan cities within Maharashtra, and although at less frequency, there are buses to metropolitan cities from other states mentioned above. Parbhani Bus Port Is Under Construction in CBS Parbhani.

National Highway 61 old numbering NH 222, which connects the states Telangana and Maharashtra, passes through the town, which makes it have connectivity to Mumbai, Nanded. The NH 61 paves its way into National Highway 3 at Kalyan. These highways open further connectivity options for Parbhani, making it to connect with north eastern cities of Indore, Jhansi, Agra and North Southern cities like Varanasi, Nagpur, Adilabad, Nizamabad, Hyderabad, Bangalore and Kanyakumari.

On 31 December 1998 State Government approved to construct an airport in Parbhani. Which was later stalled on 1 November 2001. This project is currently shelved. The location for airport was never decided. "Auto Rikshaw" (three wheelers) is only public transport available in the city. During the yearly Urus of Turabul Haq Dargah, first fortnight of February month, the municipal corporation starts daily city buses across all major areas/neighborhoods of Parbhani city.

Economy of Parbhani is largely depended on agriculture, and agribusiness. It is one of the most backward districts of India and thus have very low per capita income. The city is considered as forsaken as there have been lack of any initiatives by the state and central governments. It also holds the record for having highest fuel prices in the country, which add further backwardness. Parbhani is very famous for its cotton produce. Parbhani exports it's agriculture products like vegetable and fruits on large scale.

Many sports establishments are available in Parbhani, such as football, swimming pool, tennis, badminton courts, cricket club, basketball club, baseball club. These clubs are operated by PMC's Department of Sports. Furthermore, Parbhani has a multi purpose stadium, the "District Stadium". It is owned by PMC and operated by Department of Sports.

In 2011 Maharashtra State cabinet decided to elevate Parbhani along with Latur and Chandrapur to municipal corporation as city crossed mark of 3,00,000 population in 2011 census. First election for the Municipal Corporation was conducted in 2012, after the predecessor City Council's term ended. "Parbhani Lok Sabha constituency" is one of the 48 Lok Sabha (parliamentary) constituencies in Maharashtra state in western India. This constituency covers the entire Parbhani district and a part of Jalna district. Since 1989, Parbhani is stronghold of Shiv Sena both in Maharashtra Legislative Assembly elections and in Lok Sabha elections for Indian Parliament.