Неміс хоккейінің үшінші лигасы: Оберлига тарихы

Third tier men's ice hockey league in Germany

The Oberliga (English: Upper League) is the third tier of ice hockey in Germany, below DEL2 and ahead of the Regionalliga. Since the 2015/16 season, the league has been split into two regionalised divisions, Nord (north) and Süd (south). The Oberliga was originally founded in 1948 and is administered by the German Ice Hockey Federation (DEB).

The Oberliga is the oldest continuously operating ice hockey league in Germany. The league was formed in 1948 after WWII as the highest level of hockey in Germany. The Oberliga has been the top, second and third level of ice hockey in the German league pyramid throughout its history. The 1948/49 Oberliga champions, EV Füssen, were the very first Deutscher Meister (English: German champion). In 2015/16, Oberliga was the first German league to admit a Dutch team, Tilburg Trappers, to compete in the German league system.

The Oberliga had now become the second tier of German ice hockey (second division). The league started with eight clubs, including the four remaining clubs from the previous season. The league expanded to twelve in the coming seasons. The year 1966 saw the league split into northern and southern regionalised groups. The two separate leagues were called Oberliga South and Oberliga North. The winners of the two leagues would determine the Oberliga champion in a home and away series. The league reunited in a single division in 1970, now with a strength of 16 teams and direct promotion to the Bundesliga. The 1972/73 season was the last one as a tier two league. With the foundation of the 2nd Bundesliga, the Oberliga fell to tier three. While the league champion moved up to the Bundesliga and the teams placed two to nine gained entry to the new second division, only the bottom seven clubs remained in the league. 1973 saw DEB introduce a new second division to the German ice hockey pyramid, with the formation of the 2nd Bundesliga. The Oberliga was demoted to become the new German third division (third highest level of ice hockey in Germany). 1972 73 was the last season Oberliga operated as the division two league. The Oberliga champion that season was granted automatic promotion to the Bundesliga. Clubs that finished second to ninth qualified for automatic entry to the new 2nd Bundesliga, while the bottom seven clubs remained in Oberliga.

The Oberliga was now again divided into a northern and a southern group. The top two teams out of the two divisions originally played out a promotion round to the 2nd Bundesliga which also served to determine the Oberliga champion. While the modus and number of teams in the league continued to fluctuate, the overall situation remained the same.

The year 1994 saw major changes in the German league system. The Bundesliga and 2nd Bundesliga merged to form the new DEL, an independently run league consisting of 18 clubs in its foundation years. Those second division clubs that did not elect to join the DEL were integrated into the new 1st Liga, which had replaced the Oberliga and operated in a northern and a southern group. The best teams of each of the two divisions played out a DEB championship, similar to the old Oberliga championship. The 1998 99 season was very much a transition season. The DEB had reintroduced a single division, nationwide league, titled Bundesliga to compete with the DEL. The league below was now the 1st Liga, which was made up of those clubs from the 1st Liga not adCentred to the new Bundesliga and 2nd Liga clubs. However, this situation existed for only one season.

Oberliga Champions and League PremiersYear Champion(s) League Premier(s)North South East West1949 1 EV Füssen –1950 1 SC Riessersee –1951 1 Preußen Krefeld–1952 1 Krefelder EV –1953 1 EV Füssen –1954 1 EV Füssen –1955 1 EV Füssen –1956 1 EV Füssen –1957 1 EV Füssen –1958 1 EV Füssen –1959 2 VfL Bad Nauheim –1960 2 TuS Eintracht Dortmund –1961 2 ESV Kaufbeuren –1962 2 EV Landshut –1963 2 EV Landshut –1964 2 TuS Eintracht Dortmund –1965 2 Preußen Krefeld –1966 2 Berliner Schlittschuhclub Berliner Schlittschuhclub1967 2 Augsburger EV VfL Bad Nauheim Augsburger EV –1968 2 SC Riessersee Eintracht Frankfurt SC Riessersee –1969 2 ESV Kaufbeuren Kölner EC ESV Kaufbeuren –1970 2 EV Rosenheim EC Deilinghofen EV Rosenheim –1971 2 Preußen Krefeld –1972 2 Berliner Schlittschuhclub –1973 2 Kölner EC –1974 3 EC Peiting EC Hannover EC Peiting –1975 3 TSV Straubing Herner EV EHC 70 München –1976 3 EV Landsberg Herner EV EHC 70 München –1977 3 ERC Freiburg EHC Essen ERC Freiburg –1978 3 RSC Bremerhaven RSC Bremerhaven EV Regensburg –1979 3 Deggendorfer SC Herner EV Deggendorfer SC –1980 3 Hamburger SV Hamburger SV VER Selb–1981 3 Eintracht Frankfurt (North) Augsburger EV (South) Hamburger SV Augsburger EV –1982 3 Eintracht Frankfurt Eintracht Frankfurt EC Peiting –1983 3 SV Bayreuth ESG Kassel SV Bayreuth–1984 3 EC Bad Nauheim EC Bad Nauheim VER Selb –1985 3 SC Solingen SC Solingen EHC 80 Nürnberg –1986 3 EHC 80 Nürnberg Neusser SC EHC 80 Nürnberg EV Stuttgart1987 3 EC Ratingen (North) EV Stuttgart (centre) ERC Ingolstadt (South) –1988 3 ERC Sonthofen ERC Westfalen Dortmund ERC Sonthofen–1989 3 Augsburger EV ECD Sauerland Iserlohn Augsburger EV –1990 3 EV Ravensburg Grefrather EC EV Ravensburg –1991 3 SC Memmingen EC Bad Nauheim SC Memmingen–1992 3 ETC Timmendorfer Strand ETC Timmendorfer Strand TuS Geretsried–1993 3 Frankfurter ESC Frankfurter ESC EV Landsberg –1994 3 EC Bad Tölz ESC Wedemark Heilbronner EC –1995 2/3 EHC Freiburg (1. liga) Grefrather EV (2. liga) ERC Westfalen Dortmund (1. liga) Grefrather EV (2. liga) SC Riessersee (1. liga) EV Dingolfing (2. liga) –1996 2/3 ESC Wedemark (1. liga) Limburger EG (2. liga) ESC Wedemark (1. liga) Limburger EG (2. liga) Heilbronner EC (1. liga) ERC Ingolstadt (2. liga) –1997 2/3 EHC Neuwied (1. liga) SC Bietigheim Bissingen (2. liga) EHC Neuwied (1. liga) Braunlager EHC/Harz (2. liga) EC Bad Tölz (1. liga) SC Bietigheim Bissingen (2. liga) –1998 2/3 EHC Neuwied (1. liga) EHC Braunlage/Harz (2. liga) EHC Neuwied (1. liga) Heilbronner EC (1. liga) EV Regensburg (2. liga) –1999 3/4 REV Bremerhaven (1. liga) EHC Bad Aibling (2. liga) REV Bremerhaven (1. liga) SC Bietigheim Bissingen (1. liga) EHC Bad Aibling (2. liga) –2000 3 EV Duisburg (North) EHC Straubing (South) EV Duisburg EHC Straubing –2001 3 EHC Wolfsburg (North) EV Regensburg (South) EHC Wolfsburg EV Regensburg –2002 3 EV Landshut EV Landshut2003 3 1. EV WeidenERV Schweinfurt2004 3 REV Bremerhaven EHC Moskitos Essen2005 3 Dresdner Eislöwen Dresdner Eislöwen Heilbronner Falken –2006 3 EV Landsberg 2000 EV Landsberg 20002007 3 Heilbronner Falken SC Riessersee2008 3 Dresdner Eislöwen Dresdner Eislöwen Tölzer Löwen –2009 3 Hannover Indians (North) ESV Kaufbeuren (South) Hannover Indians EC Peiting –2010 3 Starbulls Rosenheim Herner EV2011 3 SC Riessersee Rostock Piranhas Tölzer Löwen Saale Bulls Halle EHC Dortmund2012 3 Tölzer Löwen Rostock Piranhas EC Peiting Saale Bulls Halle EHC Dortmund2013 3 RT Bad Nauheim EHC Timmendorfer Strand 06 EC Peiting Saale Bulls Halle Kassel Huskies2014 3 – Hannover Scorpions VER Selb Icefighters Leipzig Löwen Frankfurt2015 3 EHC Freiburg Hannover Scorpions EHC Freiburg Icefighters Leipzig Füchse Duisburg2016 3 Tilburg Trappers Füchse Duisburg EV Regensburg –2017 3 Tilburg Trappers Herner EV 2007 Tölzer Löwen –2018 3 Tilburg Trappers Tilburg Trappers Deggendorfer SC –2019 3 EV Landshut Tilburg Trappers EC Peiting –2020 3 – Tilburg Trappers Eisbären Regensburg –