Эстония парламент сайлауы және саяси өзгерістер (2007)

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Parliamentary elections were held in Estonia on 4 March 2007. The newly elected 101 members of the 11th Riigikogu assembled at Toompea Castle in Tallinn within ten days of the election. It was the world's first nationwide vote where part of the voting was carried out in the form of remote electronic voting via the internet. The election saw the Estonian Reform Party emerge as the largest faction in the Riigikogu with 31 seats. The Estonian Centre Party finished second with 29 seats, whilst the new Union of Pro Patria and Res Publica lost 16 seats compared to the 35 won by the two parties in the 2003 elections. The Social Democrats gained 4 seats, whilst the Greens entered the Riigikogu for the first time with 6 seats and the People's Union lost seven of its 13 seats. This election would be the last time that the Greens and the People's Union would enter into parliament. The Riigikogu elected after this election became the only one in contemporary Estonian history to have a single government last throughout an entire parliamentary term. After the election, the Centre Party, led by the mayor of Tallinn Edgar Savisaar, had been increasingly excluded from collaboration due to his open collaboration with Putin's United Russia party, real estate scandals in Tallinn, and the Bronze Soldier controversy, considered a deliberate attempt to split Estonian society by provoking the Russian minority.

After the 2003 election, the Centre and Res Publica parties nearly tied for first place, with both saying that they should get the chance to try and form the next government, while ruling out any deal between themselves. President Rüütel had to decide who he should nominate as Prime Minister and therefore be given the first chance at forming a government. and after negotiations a coalition government composed of Res Publica, the Reform Party and the People's Union was formed on the 10 April. On 20 August 2004, Lihula municipality head Tiit Madisson erected the Lihula monument on the territory of the municipality, which represented a soldier in SS uniform. The national government had ordered the removal of the monument and by the evening of 2 September, the rescue services and the police had arrived to take down the monument. The takedown was secured by police with dogs and rubber batons but the locals started pelting the rescue services and police with stones. The police then threatened them with tear gas. At the beginning of March, the Reform Party and the People's Union decided to present a motion of no confidence against the Minister of Justice Ken Marti Vaher of Res Publica as part of the proposal by Res Publica to start using metrics to catch corrupt people. The Riigikogu voted no confidence in Vaher with 54 votes in favor. After the vote, Prime Minister Juhan Parts said he would resign. On 24 March 2005, Juhan Parts submitted his resignation request to President Arnold Rüütel, and the government resigned. Reform and the People's Union then entered negotiations with the Centre Party to form a new government. The new government took office on 13 April 2005 and left office after a new coalition was formed following the 2007 election. The government has also been called the garlic coalition due to the agreement being reached in the corresponding restaurant in Tallinn's Old Town. On 15 November 2006 Res Publica and the Pro Patria Union officially merged into the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union (Erakond Isamaa ja Res Publica Liit IRL).

During the campaign, Reform campaigned on lowering taxes as well as trying to paint itself as the main alternative to Centre which they painted in a Russophilic light, claiming the party "represents primarily Russians". The party's campaign also featured a promise to bring Estonia "among the five wealthiest countries in Europe" within 15 years. The claim has since been ridiculed by many as a promise that failed to materialize. In 2022, 15 years after the election campaign, then Reform leader Andrus Ansip commented that the promise had simply been a slogan and an appeal, telling a journalist that "even you can understand that it's impossible".

Centre campaigned on wage increases, bringing troops home from Iraq, building municipal apartments and a Russian language public broadcasting service. Moreover, the party promised free higher education. Both Reform and Centre published contrasting advertisements with yes no tables listing policies that they claimed one party supported and the other did not. A total of 30,275 citizens (3.4%) used Internet voting. Electronic voting in Estonia began in October 2005 local elections when Estonia became the first country to have legally binding general elections using the Internet as a means of casting the vote and was declared a success by the Estonian election officials. The electoral system was a two tier semi open list proportional representation system with a 5% (27,510.65 votes for this election) election threshold.

The Estonian National Electoral Committee announced that 11 political parties and seven individual candidates registered to take part in the 2007 parliamentary election. Their registration numbers and order were determined by a draw lot, as opposed to the order of registration as was done previously. Name Ideology Political position Leader Total candidates 2003 result Votes (%) Seats 1 Christian Democrats Christian democracy Centre right Peeter Võsu 108 1.1% 2 Centre Party Populism Centre left Edgar Savisaar 125 25.4% 3 Reform Party Classical liberalism Centre right Andrus Ansip 125 17.7% 4 Independence Party Estonian nationalism Far right Vello Leito 10 0.6% 5 Left Party Democratic socialism Left wing Sirje Kingsepp 12 0.4% 6 IRL Liberal conservatism Centre right Tõnis Lukas and Taavi Veskimägi 125 31.9% 7 Russian Party Russian minority interests Syncretic Stanislav Tšerepanov 35 0.2% 8 Constitution Party Russia's national interests Centre left Sergei Jürgens 53 2.3% 9 People's Union Agrarianism Centre to centre left Ester Tuiksoo 125 13.0% 10 Social Democratic Party Social democracy Centre left Ivari Padar 125 7.0% 11 Greens Green politics Centre left Aleksei Lotman 125did not exist — Individual candidates — 7did not exist

Following the election a three party coalition government, also called the Triple Alliance, was formed between Reform, the Pro Patria and Res Publica Union and SDE. This lasted until May 2009, when SDE left the government following budget cuts as a result of the global economic crisis, the two remaining parties were able to carry on in government as a minority coalition however, holding 50 out of 101 seats in the Parliament.