Ohio Department of Transportation

Transportation agency of the U. S. state of Ohio

ODOT has divided the state into 12 regional districts to facilitate development. Each district is responsible for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of the state and federal highways in its region. The department employs nearly 5,000 people and has an annual budget approaching $3 billion. It celebrated its 100th anniversary in 2005 and its 35th as the Ohio Department of Transportation in 2007.

The "Ohio Department of Highways" began operations on February 15, 1905. The original office consisted of four employees and an annual budget of $10,000. Its mission was to study the state roads and the science of road construction. The Department of Highways created the first Ohio State Highway Patrol in an attempt to reduce the number of automobile related fatalities in 1933. By the end of the year, the first patrolmen were on duty. Since downsizing, ODOT has become more efficient in most areas of operation. Between 1997 and 2004, deficiencies were reduced significantly. Bridge structural deficiencies were reduced by 74%, pavement deficiencies were reduced by 79%, and guardrail deficiencies were reduced by 70%. In addition, snow and ice removal efforts were improved. One month later, ODOT completed Interstate 670 in Columbus, marking the completion of the original interstate highway plan in Ohio.

In August 2000, ODOT began the Cleveland Innerbelt Study to develop a comprehensive strategy to rebuild portions of Interstate 71, Interstate 77, and Interstate 90 into downtown Cleveland. The focus of the project is reducing inner city congestion, replacing or repairing older sections of the freeway system, and improving the safety of the system. Of particular interest to ODOT is the safety of the Cleveland Innerbelt and Dead Man's Curve, both of which experience an accident rate higher than the national average. In addition, ODOT plans to construct a new single tower cable stayed bridge north of the current bridge for westbound traffic on Interstate 90 over the Cuyahoga River Valley. Construction was originally planned for 2009, though resistance from some citizens in the community has put the entire project in question. Complaints have been raised over the plan to build the new bridge north of the current span over the Cuyahoga River, mostly due to the effect the construction would have on day to day life and the loss of historical buildings and landmarks. In addition, complaints have been raised about the cost of the project, which has been raised from the original $800 million to $1.5 billion. While the cost of the plan is mostly the construction of two new bridges over fifteen years, many in the community feel the rehabilitation of the existing bridges would be more cost effective. An unofficial estimate for bridge rehabilitation puts the cost at $268 million, or $366 million for the entire innerbelt project.

Interstate 75 through Downtown Dayton was upgraded and modernized over ten years. Construction included widening Interstate 75 from Neva Drive through U. S. 35 in Dayton to three through lanes as well as added lanes for exiting. Also, a new interchange at Route 4 and Interstate 75 was constructed as part of the project. As part of another phase in the project, ODOT modified the U. S. 35 interchange to provide three continuous lanes in each direction on I‑75. All of the phases of this construction will be done at an estimated cost of $533 million. Construction of the last phase was completed in 2016. On February 26, 2009, the state of Ohio awarded a contract for $22 million to construct an interchange at Austin Boulevard and Interstate 75 in Springboro, Ohio, in southern Montgomery County. Construction on the interchange began in April 2009 and was completed in July 2010. As part of the project, ODOT reconstructed the intersection of SR 741 and Miamisburg Springboro Pike by widening lanes and adding a two leg Displaced Left Turn (DLT) continuous flow intersection.

Another large scale project ODOT is spearheading is the I‑70/I‑71 South Innerbelt Corridor Project, a multifaceted plan to reduce congestion in downtown Columbus along with the convergence of Interstate 70 and Interstate 71. Commonly known as "the downtown split", the region regularly experiences heavy traffic and is the site of 27% of all traffic accidents along I‑70 and I‑71 in Franklin County. To reduce traffic and accidents, as well as remove the confusion of getting on or off the freeway, the downtown split project will add lanes to the freeway in both directions, widen Mound and Fulton streets, and convert them to one way, collector/distributor streets, and move the current on/off ramps to facilitate better traffic flow. The project cost around $800 million and began in 2011.

In addition to freeway construction, ODOT, along with the Mid Ohio Regional Planning Commission (MORPC), and the city of Columbus are discussing the possibility of several freeway caps over portions of I 70 and I 71. These caps, similar to the one built on High Street over I 670, would be widened overpasses, creating a seamless transition between neighborhoods by adding businesses or parks to either side of the current overpass. While this will add considerable cost to the project, it is hoped that the freeway caps will link neighborhoods that were divided when the interstate highway system was put in. Twelve overpasses were originally looked at for freeway caps, though the list has been narrowed to six due to budget constraints. Each cap would cost anywhere between $2 million and $12 million depending on the complexity, and a total of $53 million to $62 million could be added to the project if all six are built. The Ohio Department of Transportation has pledged $10 million toward caps, $37 million for streetscape improvements in total, and the MORPC has pledged another $12 million for the caps. With the caps and other streetscape improvements added to the project, the total project cost is expected to reach $1 billion.

In March 2002, ODOT began the largest single project in its history. Needing a replacement for the outdated Craig Memorial Bridge in Toledo, the department initiated the Veterans' Glass City Skyway project, with an estimated price tag of $234 million. The six lane, single tower cable stayed bridge design includes glass panels along with all four faces of the tower and LEDs installed within, allowing for customizable lighting effects on the bridge. The original completion date was for May 2006, but the project was struck with a sixteen month long delay after an accident killed four workers on February 16, 2004. This delayed the initial opening of the skyway until June 24, 2007.

The Northeast Expressway Transformation (NExT) project, which began on June 14, 2004, marked another significant undertaking by ODOT as the largest single highway project ever in central Ohio. It included rebuilding the State Route 161 interchanges at Interstate 270 and Sunbury Road, including 17 bridges, 18 ramps, and five miles (8 km) of the highway. The original intersections at I 270 and Sunbury Road were designed to handle 58,000 and 21,000 vehicles per day, respectively, but daily loads had surpassed 135,000 at I 270 and 90,000 at Sunbury Road. By 2020 loads are estimated to be approaching 200,000 vehicles per day at both interchanges. To meet and exceed current traffic needs, the project replaced three of the four cloverleaf ramps at I 270 with two flyover ramps and one "fly under" tunnel, reconfigured the Sunbury Road exit into a modified single point urban interchange (SPUI), and add through lanes for both I 270 and SR 161. The project was completed in the fall of 2008.

Other studies include the Toledo I 75/I 475 Interchange Study, the North Central Outerbelt Study (I 270), the Akron Central Interchange Project (I 76). and the U. S. 35 Corridor Major Investment Study (MIS).

The Ohio Department of Transportation currently operates the seventh largest highway system in the United States and the sixth largest interstate system measured by total lane miles. These highways support the fifth greatest traffic volume by total vehicle miles, the third greatest value of commercial freight, and contain the second largest inventory of bridges in the nation as well. Included with these highways are over 15,000 bridges and culverts, 6,200 on/off ramps, 5,000 stop signs, 3,400 intersections, and 3100 mile (4989 km) of guardrail. (For a complete list of all roads maintained by ODOT, see List of numbered highways in Ohio.)

The 2006/2007 operating budget for the department is forecast at $2.898 billion, with $753 million going towards general operating expenditures and $724 million for new programs funded by the Jobs and Progress Plan. Total revenue is expected to be $1.089 billion from the state and $1.247 billion from the federal government, equaling $2.336 billion. The remainder of the funds is to come from state and federal bonds. The Ohio Department of Transportation is also responsible for twelve under deck truss bridges, the same construction type as the bridge that collapsed in Minnesota on August 1, 2007. Of these, six are on the interstate highway system, and four of those are in some stage of replacement. The department also partners with the Ohio Department of Public Safety to monitor traffic related crashes. Traffic crash reports are entered into a database that is shared by both departments. This Base Transportation Reporting System (BTRS) allows ODOT to review the number, frequency, and severity of accidents that occur on its system. Traffic engineering is then used to establish safety threshold numbers and signal areas of concern for traffic safety.

The Ohio Department of Transportation currently has access to 1,536 snowplows to help maintain good road conditions during winter months and has approximately 2,500 employees available each season for snow and ice removal. In addition to trucks, the department also has 650,000 tons of salt stored at 220 locations statewide. While ODOT spends an average of $24 million per year for winter operations, though most years can use anywhere from 300,000 to 900,000 tons of salt per year. ODOT now manages a decentralized snow and ice program, giving districts, counties, and snowplow operators a set of guidelines to follow, which can be modified to best assist the area. In prior years, the department issued twelve pages of directives that mandated when and where plows are to be used. This system proved to be inefficient, which helped to bring the new system about. In 2000 ODOT began installing pavement sensors and Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking devices, as well as generating computer modeled snowplow routes to enhance its snow and ice removal program. The pavement sensors relay valuable information such as pavement and air temperature, precipitation accumulation, and wind speed. By identifying and reporting weather conditions on the highway, the sensors help ODOT prioritize its response and more efficiently clear the roads. Several pavement sensors currently exist on highways around the state. Data from these sensors is transferred to ODOT's district offices and entered into the Road and Weather Information System (RWIS) on the ODOT website. Motorists can track winter weather conditions by accessing RWIS on the internet. RWIS also lists winter weather advisories, snow warnings, and highway closures. The information is kept current and is available 24 hours per day. Computer modeling software is also used to plan plow routes for each county. Data on equipment capabilities, personnel resources, facility locations, and highway types are entered into the system. Highway layouts and the locations of available plows and salt stores are then examined to determine the most effective routes for snowplows and salt spreading equipment. Global Positioning System (GPS) devices were also installed on ODOT vehicles to help monitor the locations of ODOT equipment. This allows the department to track the exact location of snow removal equipment and determine which routes have already been serviced.