Он санының маңызы мен қасиеттері

10 (ten) is the even natural number following 9 and preceding 11. Ten is the base of the decimal numeral system, the most common system of denoting numbers in both spoken and written language.

A collection of ten items (most often ten years) is called a decade. The ordinal adjective is decimal; the distributive adjective is denary. Increasing a quantity by one order of magnitude is most widely understood to mean multiplying the quantity by ten. To reduce something by one tenth is to decimate. (In ancient Rome, the killing of one in ten soldiers in a cohort was the punishment for cowardice or mutiny; or, one tenth of the able bodied men in a village as a form of retribution, thus causing a labor shortage and threat of starvation in agrarian societies.)

As a constructible polygon with a compass and straight edge, the regular decagon has an internal angle of degrees and a central angle of degrees. All regular sided polygons with up to ten sides are able to tile a plane vertex alongside other regular polygons alone; the first regular polygon unable to do so is the eleven sided hendecagon. While the regular decagon cannot tile alongside other regular figures, ten of the eleven regular and semiregular tilings of the plane are Wythoffian (the elongated triangular tiling is the only exception); however, the plane can be covered using overlapping decagons, and is equivalent to the Penrose P2 tiling when it is decomposed into kites and rhombi that are proportioned in golden ratio. The regular decagon is also the Petrie polygon of the regular dodecahedron and icosahedron, and it is the largest face that an Archimedean solid can contain, as with the truncated dodecahedron and icosidodecahedron. There are ten regular star polychora in the fourth dimension, all of which have orthographic projections in the Coxeter plane that contain various decagrammic symmetries, which include compound forms of the regular decagram.

is a multiply transitive permutation group on ten points. It is an almost simple group, of order,

It functions as a point stabilizer of degree 11 inside the smallest sporadic simple group , a group with an irreducible faithful complex representation in ten dimensions, and an order equal to that is one less than the one thousandth prime number, 7919.

is an infinite dimensional Kac–Moody algebra which has the even Lorentzian unimodular lattice II9,1 of dimension 10 as its root lattice. It is the first Lie algebra with a negative Cartan matrix determinant, of −1. There are precisely ten affine Coxeter groups that admit a formal description of reflections across dimensions in Euclidean space. These contain infinite facets whose quotient group of their normal abelian subgroups is finite. They include the one dimensional Coxeter group [∞], which represents the apeirogonal tiling, as well as the five affine Coxeter groups , , , , and that are associated with the five exceptional Lie algebras. They also include the four general affine Coxeter groups , , , and that are associated with simplex, cubic and demihypercubic honeycombs, or tessellations. Regarding Coxeter groups in hyperbolic space, there are infinitely many such groups; however, ten is the highest rank for paracompact hyperbolic solutions, with a representation in nine dimensions. There also exist hyperbolic Lorentzian cocompact groups where removing any permutation of two nodes in its Coxeter–Dynkin diagram leaves a finite or Euclidean graph. The tenth dimension is the highest dimensional representation for such solutions, which share a root symmetry in eleven dimensions. These are of particular interest in M theory of string theory.

The interval of a major tenth is an octave plus a major third. The interval of a minor tenth is an octave plus a minor third.

The Ten Commandments in the Hebrew Bible are ethical commandments decreed by God (to Moses) for the people of Israel to follow.

In Pythagoreanism, the number 10 played an important role and was symbolized by the tetractys. There are Ten Sephirot in the Kabbalistic Tree of Life. In Chinese astrology, the 10 Heavenly Stems, refer to a cyclic number system that is used also for time reckoning.